Volume-3 Issue-1

S. No

Volume-3 Issue-1, March 2014, ISSN:  2277-3878 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Ramy Agieb, Ihab Adly, Hani Ragai

Paper Title:

Asset Localization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks based on Ultra Wideband

Abstract:  Real-time location systems (RTLS) help ensure that assets are in the right place at the right time. There are numerous possible applications afforded by tagging assets such as improving routing and multiple access control protocols in wireless sensors network which prolong its operational life time. Ultra Wideband (UWB) wireless technology offers greater resistance to multipath fading, interference, and potentially lowers power consumption. Therefore UWB technology inherently enables the accurate localization of assets. In this paper, localization method based on a passive Time difference of Arrival (TDOA) scheme using IEEE802.15.4a ”industrial environment”  channel model is implemented using Matlab and tested. A new proposed waveform based on Gaussian pulse is used for localization, which decreases the interference between the UWB and other signals, and decreases the probability of error (prb). The proposed localization scheme decreases the error between real asset location and estimated position at low level of signal to noise ratio (E/No).

Keywords:   UWB, Localization, IEEE802.15.4a

References:
1.        Ramy Agieb, Ihab Adly, Hani Ragai. “Two Nodes UWB Low Power Asset Localization in WSN “ICCAT' 2013.
2.        JAMES BAO-YEN TSUI  “Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers a Software Approach”  John Wiley & Sons, Inc- USA,2000.
3.        Yiyin Wang “Localization and Communication for UWB-based Wireless Sensor Networks “, Master of Science in Microelectronics geboren te Chengdu, China, November 2011.
4.        Federal Communications Commission (FCC),  Revision of Part 15 of the Commission’s Rules Regarding Ultra Wideband Transmission Systems,  First Report and Order, ET Docket 98-153, FCC 02-48, Apr. 2002.
5.        Senad Canovic “Application of UWB Technology for Positioning, a Feasibility Study” , Master of Science in El Electronics, Norwegian UniversityofScienceand Technology, October 2007.
6.        Zafer sah Noglu, Sinangez Ici, and Ismail Güvenç “Ultra-wideband Positioning Systems Theoretical Limits, Ranging Algorithms, and Protocols”, Cambridge University Press, 2008. 
7.        Y.T.Chan, K.C.Ho, “A Simple and Efficient Estimator for the Hyperbolic Location”. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 42, No. 8, August 1994, pp.1905-1915.
8.        Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto and Guerino Giancola “Understanding Ultra Wide Band. Radio Fundamentals” Prentice, Hall PTR, 2004.
9.        Andreas F. Molisch, Kannan Balakrishnan, Dajana Cassioli, Chia-Chin Chong, Shahriar Emami, Andrew Fort,Johan Karedal, Juergen Kunisch, Hans Schantz, Ulrich Schuster, Kai Siwiak” IEEE 802.15.4a channel model - final report”
10.     Pascal Pagani, Friedman Tchoffo Talom, Patrice Pajusco , and Bernard Uguen  “Ultra-Wideband Radio Propagation Channels, a Practical Approach “, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.USA, 2008.

1-4

2.

Authors:

M. Bharath Reddy, M. Sai Sarath Kumar, B. Suresh Kumar

Paper Title:

Data Aware Dynamic Low Power Reconfigurable FIR Filter Design

Abstract:   This  paper  aims for developing  a new architecture for finite impulse response (FIR) filter, which will reduce dynamic power consumption based on the concept of dynamic  filter order change. The dynamic  changing of the filter order  is based on the fact  that  FIR  filter  has  large  amplitude variations in  both  the input  sequence  and  impulse  response (filter  coefficients). Trade off between filter performance and dynamic power consumption presented in this  paper  suggests  that  a significant  reduction in the dynamic power can be achieved without much compromise  in the filter performance. The required area  overhead  is also much less when  compared   to  the  conventional  approach. The  power savings  of up  to 25 to 35%  can  be achieved  with  the  modified FIR  filter architecture presented in this paper.

Keywords: FIR filter, IIR filter, Convolution, Reconfigurability.

References:
1.     Seok-Jae Jee ,Li-Woong Choi, Seon Wook Kim, and Jongsun park,”Reconfigurable FIR  Filter Architecture To Trade Off  Filter Performance For Dynamic Power Consumption,” IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Intergr. Syst.,vol.19,  NO.  12,  pp.2221-2228, Dec.2011.
2.     JohnG.Proakis,DimitrisG.Manolakis,”Digital  Signal Processing: Principles, Alogrithms, and Applica- tions, 4thedition, published by Pearson Educa- tion,Inc.,”
3.     Z. Yu, M.-L. Yu, K. Azadet, and A. N. Wilson, Jr, “A low power FIR filter design technique using dynamic reduced signal representation,” in Proc. Int. Symp. VLSI Tech., Syst., Appl.,2001,pp.113–116.
4.     S.  Hwang,  G.  Han,  S.  Kang,  and  J.  Kim, “New distributed arithmetic algorithm for low-power FIR filter implementation,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 11, no.
5, pp. 463–466, May2004.
5.     K.-H. Chen and T.-D. Chiueh, “A low-power digit- based reconfig- urable FIR filter,” IEEE Trans. Circiuts Syst.  II,  Exp. Briefs ,  vol.  53,  no.  8,pp.617-621,Dec.2006.
6.     Alan V. Oppenheim,  Ronald W. Schafer,      ”Digital Signal Processing,”l’1975        by        Prentice- Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., U.S.A.

5-8

3.

Authors:

Mohammed, K. M., Umogbai, V.I.

Paper Title:

Effects of Level of Tillage on Soil Physical Properties of Benue River, Makurdi Flood Plains

Abstract:  A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of soil tillage on soil physical properties of Benue River flood plains in Makurdi zone. The field was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were ploughing and harrowing once (PH), ploughing and harrowing twice (PHH), ploughing and harrowing thrice (PHHH) and no – tillage (NT). A four – wheel drive Massey Ferguson tractor (MF 375 E), 3 – discs Massey Ferguson plough and 14 – discs offset Massey Ferguson harrow were used for the tillage operations. The soil properties studied were infiltration rate, bulk density, moisture content, particle size distribution and soil loss. The experiments were conducted during the cropping season from April to November, 2012. The total rainfall within the period was 928.7 mm. Atmospheric temperatures fluctuated between 32ºC and 39ºC and the relative humidity was between 70 % and 86 %. Results showed that infiltration rates were higher before tillage than after tillage with a mean of 23.8cm/hr. and 3.2cm/hr. before and after respectively. The soil moisture contents in the upper layer (0 – 6 cm) were higher after tillage than before tillage with percentage increase ranging between 55.6 – 87.5%. Conversely, the moisture contents at the lower layer (6 – 12 cm) were higher before tillage than after tillage with the decrease ranging between 64.1 – 77.1 %. Reason for the decrease was due to the ploughing and harrowing which mixes the soil of the drier top with the soil of the wetter lower layer. Bulk density decreases with soil tillage with mean values of 1.48 g/cm3 and 1.42 g/cm3 before and after tillage, respectively. Results of sieve analysis showed that the higher the number of harrowing, the more the values of soil particles that passed through 5 mm sieve and the less values of particles retained on 50 mm sieve. Soil loss was more with the higher number of harrowing.

Keywords: Density, Effect, Infiltration, Moisture, Pulverization, Run –off, Soil, Tillage.

References:
1.        . Sahay, “Elements of Agricultural   Engineering”. Standard Publishers Distributors, 2008, pp. 224 – 225.
2.        H. P. Smith and L. H.Wilkes, “Farm  Machinery and Equipment”, Sixth Edition Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company  Ltd., New Delhi, 1988, pp. 11  – 171.
3.        http://en.wikipedia.org “Soil”, From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia on13/03/2013
4.        R.P. Wolkowski, “Impact of Tillage on Soil Properties”,  2011, from  http://www.soils.wisc.edu
5.        R. A. Kepner, R. Bainer and B. L. Barger, “Principles of Farm Machinery”, Third Edition, CBS   Publishers and Distributors, India, 1978, pp. 112 – 114.6.        J. D. Jabro, W. B. Stevens, W. M. Iversen  and R. G. Evans. “Tillage Depth Effects on Soil Physical Properties, Sugarbeet Yield, and Sugarbeet Quality”, USDA Agricultural Research Service – Lincoln, Nebraska,2010  from  http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaar   sfacpub/540
7.        N. I. Khan, A. U. Malik, F. Umer, and M. I. Bodla, “Effect of Tillage and FarmYard Manure on Physical Properties of  Soil”, 2010, from  http://www.interesjournals.org/IRJPS retrieved on 02/07/2011.
8.        R. Lal and E. L. Dinkins, “Tillage Systems and Crop Production on an Ultisol in Liberia”, Soil Tillage and Crop Production Proceedings Series, No.  IITA Ibadan 1979
9.        V. I. Umogbai, “Study of a Planter with a Powered Disc Opener for maize sowing”. “Vasil Kolarov”, Higher Institute of Agriculture– Plovdiv, Scientific Works, vol. xxvi, book 2, 1981.
10.     S. Tirovska, Mechanization of Agriculture.  Zemizdat, Sofia, Bulgaria, 1982, pp.5-7.
11.     M.O. Isikwue and A. F. Onyilo, “Influence  of Land Use on the Hydraulic Response of a  Loamy Sand Tropical Soil”. Journal of  Engineering Trends in Engineering
and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 1 (2): 145 –150, 2010, from jeteas.scholarlinkresearch.org.
12.     K. A. Gomez and A. R. Gomez,  “Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research”, 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984, pp. 1 – 590.
13.     Microsoft Student with Encarta Premium “Agriculture”. Micrososoft Encarta (R) 2009, [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2009.
14.     Farming Equipments. Massey Ferguson  MF 375 E Tractor, from  http://www.farming  – equipments. com/massey – ferguson – 375 e.htm on 03/07/2012.
15.     LID Manual for Michigan. “Soil Infiltration Testing Protocol”,  from http://www.semcog.org on10/05/2012, p. 437.
16.     K.R.Arora, “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering)”. Standard Publishers Delhi.
17.     S. Tirovska, and V. I. Umogbai, “Study of a Planter with a Powered Disc Opener for maize sowing. Scientific Works Journal, vol. xxvi (2), 1981, pp. 155 – 160.
18.     S. Sombatpanit, and W. Suwangerd, “Development of Methods to measure Soil Loss   and Run – off in Field Experiments involving Vetiver Grass”,        from
http://www.vetiver.org on 17/07/2011.
19.     W. W. Casady, “Tractor Tire and Ballasting Management”. Agricultural  MU Guide  Published by University of Missouri Extension G 1235, 1997, pp. 1 –  4, from               http://www.extension.missouri.edu.
20.     R.E. Miller, S.R. Colbert and L.A. Morris, “Effects of Heavy Equipment on Physical Properties of Soils and on Long – Term Productivity”: A Review of Literature and Current Research. Technical Bulletin No. 887, 2004, p. 4.
21.     FAO Corporate Document Repository,“Water and Soil Requirements”. Producedby Natura lResources Management and Environmental Department. From http//:www.fao.org.on on 12/9/12.
22.     Sessiz, A. Alp and S. Gursoy, “Conservation and Conventional Tillage Methods on Selected Soil Physical Properties and Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield  and Quality under Cropping System in Turkey”. Bulgarian Journal of  Agricultural Science, 16 (No. 5) 2010, 597 – 608. Agricultural Academy, 2009,  p. 606, from http://www.agrojournal.org  on 12/09/2012.
23.     M. Rashidi, and F. Keshavarzpour, “Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Physical Properties and Crop Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo)”. ARPN Journal of  Agricultural and Biological  Science. Vol. 3. No. 2, 2008, p. 41  from  www.arpnjournals.com

9-15

4.

Authors:

Sandeep R. Thorat, P.J.Salunke

Paper Title:

Seismic Behavior of Multistorey Shear Wall Frame versus Braced Concrete Frames (IJRTE)

Abstract:   It is observed that there is a need the study of structural systems for R.C.C framed structure, which resist the lateral loads due to seismic effect.  Safety and minimum damage level of a structure could be the prime requirement of tall buildings. To meet these requirements, the structure should have adequate lateral strength, lateral stiffness and sufficient ductility. Among the various structural systems, shear wall frame or braced concrete frame could be a point of choice for designer.  Therefore, it attracts to review and observe the behavior of these structural systems under seismic effect. Hence, it is proposed to study the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete frame with and without shear wall and concrete braced frame. The purpose of this study is to compare the seismic response of above structural systems. Axial forces and moments in members and floor displacements will be compared.

Keywords:  Shear wall, Bracing, Lateral force, Building structure.

References:
1.        Jain A.K. “Reinforced Concrete Design(Limit State Design)” Nem Chand and Bros Roorkee(2002).
2.        Paz M. “Structural Dynamics” CBS Publication(1992).
3.        Park and Pauley, “Reinforced Concrete Structures” A Wiley Inter-science Publication, John Wiley and sons(1999).
4.        SP22: (S&T)-1982, “Explanatory Hand Book on Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction”. Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi.
5.        IS 1893-1984 and 2002(Part I), “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structure”, Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi.
6.        IS 456-2000, “Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice”,  Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi.
7.        Goel S.C. “Seismic Behavior of Multistorey K-braced Frame under Combined Horizontal and Vertical Ground Motion”, 7th World Conference Proceeding Earthquake Engg. Symposium London vol.2-1977, pp-1172-1177.
8.        Kapur V. and Jain A. K. “Seismic Response of Shear wall Frames Versus Braced Concrete Frames”, Indian Concrete Journal, April-1983, pp-107-114.
9.        Xu Shan-Hua and Niu Di-Tao “Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Braced  Frame”, ACI Structural Journal / January-February 2003, pp-120-125.
10.     A.R.Khaloo and M. Mahdi Moseni  “Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of RC Frames With RC Braced”,  Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building And Housing) Vol. 9 , No. 6 (2008) Pages 577-592.

16-19

5.

Authors:

R. Shagana, C. Nancy Nightingale

Paper Title:

Extracting Precise Data by Preventing Discrimination in Data Mining

Abstract:    The concept of classification is one of the most popular data mining tasks. The result of classification depends critically on data quality. There are some negative social perceptions about data mining which include potential privacy invasion and discrimination. Discrimination refers to the data set which contain unwanted data items. Discrimination can be either direct or indirect. Direct discrimination occurs when decisions are made based on sensitive attributes. Indirect discrimination occurs when decisions are made based on non sensitive attributes. This project discusses how to clean training datasets and outsourced datasets in such a way that legitimate classification rules can still be extracted.

Keywords: Data Mining, Redlining rules, Discrimination, Rule  generalization, Rule protection

References:
1.        J. Karlsteen,  “ Automation    of meta data      updates    in     a      time    critical environment”, 2006.
2.        P. Poonniah ,     Data    Warehousing Fundamentals – A  comprehensive  guide  IT professionals ,Ist ed., 81-265-0919-8, Glorious Printers: New Delhi , India, 2006.3.        B.Palace, “ Data  mining ”, [Online],1996,http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/jason.frand/
4.        C.Kelley,  ”Best  Uses   of  data   warehouse ”http://www.itworld.com.[Online],2003,
5.        http://www.itworld.com/nl/db_mgr/,2003[5]. T. Redman,"The Impact of Poor Data Quality on the Typical Enterprise",Communications of the ACM, Vol. 41. 8. 02, 1998.
6.        E.Rahm, H.H Do,” Data Cleaning: Problems and Current Approaches”, University of Leipzig,Germany.
7.        A.Marcus,J.I.Maletic,“Automated Identification of Errors in Data Sets,TR-CS-00-02,University of Memphis,2002.
8.        A.Marcus,J.I.Maletic,”Utilizing Association Rules For the Identification of Errors in Data”,TR-CS-00-04,University of Memphis,2004.
9.        K.Orr,"Data Quality and Systems Theory" Communications of the ACM, Vol. 41. 9, 2, 1998.
10.     M.A.Hernandez, S.J.Stolfo, “Real-World Data is Dirty: Data Cleansing and the Merge/Purge Problem”, 1998.

20-22

6.

Authors:

D. Saranya, C. Nancy Nightingale

Paper Title:

Minimizing Burst Transmission Error in WSN by Honeycomb Optimization

Abstract:     This paper proposes scheduling methods to reduce the burst transmission errors between the wireless nodes. Transmission errors are rectified by decreasing the chances of root fading. Best afford path is proposed to handle root fading and to decrease the transmission errors. This method overcomes the problem of network misbehavior that is not addressed in CNC but concentrates in NUM. We also use honey comb algorithm to extend the CNC initiated to the source node throughout the network for other nodes depending upon the network type and thus improving the mechanism when the size of network increases; scalability.

Keywords: Wsn, Burst  transmission error, Compressive Network Coding, Honey Comb

References:
1.     Chong  Luo,  Jun  Sun  And   Feng   Wu.”    Compressive    Network    Coding     For  Approximate    Sensor    Data   Gathering “   in the IEEE  Globecom 2011 proceedings   2011.
2.     N.  Nguyen,    D. L. Jones,     and  S.  Krishnamurthy, “Netcompress: Coupling   network  coding  and compressed sensing for efficient data  communication in wsns,” in IEEE Workshop on SiPS, pp. 356–361, Oct. 2010
3.     C. Luo,   F. Wu, J. Sun,   and C. W. Chen, “Compressive    data   gathering for    Large –scale  wireless  sensor networks,” in    Proc. of ACM Mobicom’09, pp. 145–156,   Sep. 2009.
4.     X. Zhang and B. Li, “Dice: a game Theoretic   framework  for  wireless multipath network coding,” in ACM Mobihoc, pp. 293–302,May 2008.
5.     W.Wang,   M. Garofalakis , and    K.   Ram      chandran,  “Distributed    sparse    random    projections for  refinable  approximation,”   in Proc. of IPSN,  pp. 331–
39, April 2007.
6.     N. Nguyen, D. L. Jones, and S. Krishnamurthy “Net compress   Coupling   network  coding  and compressed  sensing  for  efficient data  communication in wsns,”   in IEEE  Workshop on SiPS, pp. 356–361, Oct. 2010.

23-26

7.

Authors:

C.Athira, M.Keerthana, K.Priyangaa, V.Radhika

Paper Title:

Optimisation of Cool Tub to Prevent Brain Damage in Infant

Abstract:      Neonatology is a branch of pediatrics that deals with the medical care of newborn infants. Neonatal Encephalopathy is a clinical and not an etiologic term that describes an abnormal non-behavioral state consisting of decreased level of consciousness and usually other signs of brain stem and/or motor dysfunction. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is a disorder caused due to birth asphyxia. Asphyxia means lack of oxygen. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to decrease the risk of brain injury in newborn. Brain hypothermia, is induced by cooling a baby to around 35°C for three days after birth. Some of the cooling methods are antipyretics, fans, ice packs, cold fluids, water filled blankets or garments, forced cold air and cool caps. Cool tub is the most prevalent technology. It is a tub designed to cool the brain of neonates with oxygen deprivation during birth in order to prevent brain damage. The cool tub has cooling unit, in which cooling is provided by cool pack placed in it, infant should placed within four hours of birth. The baby was placed in the tub for 72 hours after which the baby’s temperature is slowly raised again over the following four hours. The idea of the cool tub is to cool the brain soon after the injury to stop cell suicide in the brain. The aim of this work is to monitor the temperature of the baby and hence maintain the same by automatically cooling and re-warming the material inside the cap. This process is done using temperature transducer, microcontroller, cooling unit and a warming unit.

Keywords:   birth asphyxia, hypothermia, neonatal encephalopathy, cool cap.

References:
1.        Horst Michaud & Heinrich Rock(1992), ‘Process for the production of odorless prilled urea-dicyandiamide fertilizers’.
2.        Gunn AJ, Gluckman PD, Gunn TR(1998), ‘Selective head cooling in newborn infants after perinatal asphyxia: a safety study’, Vol.102, pp.885–892
3.        MarianneThoresen and Andrew Whitelaw(2005), ‘Therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic–ischaemicencephalopathyin the newborn infant’, Current opinion in neurology, pp.111-116.
4.        Horn A.R, M.C. Harrison, and L.L. Linley(2010), ‘Evaluating a Simple Method of Neuro-protective Hypothermia for Newborn Infants’, Journal of tropical pediatrics, Vol.56, pp.172-177.
5.        Kyla Marks, EilonShany, IlanShelef, Agneta Golan and Ehud Zmora)(2010),‘Hypothermia: a neuro-protective therapy for neonatal Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy’, Vol.12, pp.494-500.
6.        John Hopkins University, Maryland, USA, developed ‘Cooling cure device’ published in the journal ‘Electronics for you’ in the year of 2013.
7.        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data acquisition.
8.        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic Cool-Cap system.

27-29

8.

Authors:

L.ThillaiRani, N.Deepa, S.Arulselvi

Paper Title:

Modeling and Intelligent Control of Two-Tank Interacting Level Process

Abstract:  The control of liquid level in tanks and flow between tanks is a basic problem in the process industries. In vital industries such as petro-chemical industries, paper industries, water treatment industries have the interacting tanks which the processes of chemical or mixing treatment takes place in the process tanks. Hence, the level of fluid in the tanks and interaction between tanks must be controlled. It is essential for control system engineers to understand how interacting tanks control system works and how the level control problem is solved. The problem of level control in interacting tank processes are system dynamics and interacting characteristics. In interacting process dynamics of tank1 affects the dynamics of tank2 and vice versa because flow rate depends on the difference between the liquid levels. In this work, a real-time two-tank interacting level process is taken-up for study. The mathematical model of a two-tank interacting process is derived. The hydraulic resistances (R1 and R2) are obtained using Experimental data. The servo and regulatory responses are obtained with PI controller. To improve the performance of the closed loop a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is designed and implemented for a two-tank interacting process. The servo and regulatory responses are obtained with FLC. The performances of Fuzzy Logic Controller are compared with PI controller in simulation. The performance measures are tabulated. It is observed from the results that the FLC out performs with no overshoot, faster settling time, better set-point tracking and thereby producing minimum integral square error(ISE).

Keywords:    Two-tank interacting process, PI controller and FLC.

References:
1.        E.P.Gatzke,E.S.Meadows,C.Wang,and F.J.Doyle, “Model Based Control of A Four-Tank System”, Computer and Chemical Engineering, Vol.24, pp 1503-1509, 2000.
2.        George Stephanopoulos, ‘‘Chemical Process Control-An Introduction to Theory and Practice’’, PHI Learning Private Limited New Delhi, 2009.
3.        Bhuvaneswari N S, Praveena R, Divya R, ‘‘System Identification and Modeling for Interacting and Non-Interacting Tank System Using Intelligent Techniques’’,
ARSV:1208.1103V, August 2012.
4.        Donald R.Coughnowr, ‘‘Process Systems Analysis and Control’’, McGraw Hill International Editions, Second Edition, 1991.
5.        Ziegler.G and NicholsN.B “Optimum Setting for Automatic Controllers”, Trans ASME .64, pp 759-768, 1942.
6.        Chao.C.T and C.C.Teng, ‘‘A PD Like Self Tuning Fuzzy Controller Without Steady State error’’,  Fuzzy set syst., 87(2), pp:141-15, 2000.
7.        S.J.Qin and G.Borders, ‘‘ A Multiregion Fuzzy Logic Controller for Non Linear Process Controller’’, IEE Trans on Fuzzy Systems PP 74-81,1994.
8.        B.WayneBequette,‘‘Process Control-Modeling,Design and Simulation’’, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2004.
9.        M.Chidambaram, ‘‘Computer Control of Process’’, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.
10.     Tri Chandra S.Wibowo, Nordin saad,and Mohd Noh Karsiti, ‘‘System Identification of an   Interacting Series Process for Real-Time Model Predictive Control’’, American Control Conference, pp.4384-4389, June 2009.
11.     Curtis D.Johnson, ‘‘Process Control Instrumentation Technology’’, Prentice Hall of India,   Seventh Edition, 2004.

30-36

9.

Authors:

Gargi Roy, Madhumita Mukherjee

Paper Title:

The Comparative Study of FPGA based FIR Filter Design Using Optimized Convolution Method and Overlap Save Method

Abstract:   This paper describes a comparative study of designing digital filter of long duration sequences. Here we have adopted the approach of block filtering scheme “overlap save method” and compare with the optimized linear convolution scheme for designing digital filter. We have implemented both methods in FPGA Spartan 3A starter kit, XC3S700A device.Implementing both algorithms in FPGA hardware platform reveals that there is a 67% area reduction and 70.6% increase in operating frequency in overlap save method compare to optimize convolution method. In addition the power utilization summary reveals that there is a 24.24% increased in the power utilization of overlap save method. Thus the experimental results shows that to design an area optimized , high speed digital filter  we should used overlap save method where as for a power efficient digital filter we should used optimized linear convolution method.

Keywords: FIR,MATLAB, Linear convolution

References:
1.     Leila Ismail, Member, IEEE Computer Society, and Driss Guerchi,, “Performance Evaluation of Convolution on the Cell Broadband    Engine Processor” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2011.
2.     S Poornachandra and B Sasikala,“signal and system Tata”, McGraw Hill , 3rd edition , 2010.
3.     Zdenka Babic, Danilo P. Mandic,“A Fast Algorithm for Linear Convolution of Discrete Time Signals”,5th International Conference on telecommunicationin modern satellite, cable and broadcasting service 2001.
4.     P.Ramesh Babu,“ Digital Signal Processing”,Scitech publications,3rd edition Feb 2006.
5.     Sumit Kumar Maity , Madhusudan Maiti, “A comparative study on FPGA based FIR filter using broadcast structure and overlap save method”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE) Volume 1, Issue 9, November 2012.
6.     Pramod Kumar Meher,, “Parallel and Pipelined Architectures for Cyclic Convolution by Block Circulant Formulation Using Low-Complexity Short-Length Algorithms”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 18, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2008.
7.     John W. Pierre,” A Novel Method for Calculating the Convolution Sum of Two Finite Length Sequences”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 39, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 1996.
8.     Hideo Murukumi,,“GENERALIZATION OF THE CYCLIC CONVOLUTION SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS”,  IEEE  International conference on acoustics ,speech and signal processing, 2000.
9.     Khader Mohammad, Sos Agaian, ”Efficient FPGA implementation of convolution”, IEEE International Conferenceon Systems, Man, and Cybernetics San Antonio, TX, USA - October 2009.

37-44

10.

Authors:

N Sangeetha, Rashi Garg, Surabhi Purwar, Akshita Singh

Paper Title:

Analysis of Fiber Nonlinearities in WDM Fiber Optic Transmission System by Varying Different Parameters

Abstract:    Capacity of optical transmission system can be increased either by using the technique of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or by increasing the bit rate of transmission. But with the increased bit rates and launched optical powers the nonlinear optical effects increases. Ultra fast third order susceptibility is reason behind Non Linear Effects whose real part leads to Self Phase Modulation (SPM), Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) and Four Wave Mixing (FWM) and imaginary part contributes to Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS). SPM converts optical power fluctuations into phase fluctuations in single channel which eventually degrades the signal. XPM causes interference by phase shifts which depend on intensity between two optical fields. This effect limits the input optical power and capacity of the system. Dominating effect of WDM system is FWM. SRS causes unwanted power tilt which reduces optical signal to noise ratio. Performance degradation and channel crosstalk of the system can be induced in multi channel systems by these nonlinearities. In this paper the effects of input power, bitrates, dispersion and various other parameters are observed on nonlinearities using OPTSIM 5.2 software. The results are shown through Quality Factor and Eye diagram.

Keywords: FWM, Non Linear effects (NLE), SPM, SRS, XPM.

References:
1.        . P. Agrawal, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems”, 3rd edition(2002), pp 64-67,280-281.
2.        Singh,S.P.,Kar,S.,Jain,V.K.“Performance of All-optical WDM network in presence of Four-Wave Mixing,Optical Amplifier Noise,and Wavelength Converter Noise” Volume 26,Issue 2,2007 pages 79-97.
3.        Jing Liang,Student Member and Katsushi Iwashita,”FWM compensation in DPSK transmission by reducing detectors with digital coherent detection using backward propagation,” International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, July 2011.
4.        Nasrin Sultana and M. S. Islam “Analysis of XPM Effect with SPM and GVD in WDM Fiber Optic Transmission System,”  ICCCE 2012, 3-5 July 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
5.        Kyo Inoue, “Four-Wave Mixing in an Optical Fiber in the Zero-Dispersion Wavelength Region,” Journal  of  lightwave technology, Vol. 10, No. 11, November 1992 1553 .
6.        Y. Miyamoto, A. Hirano, K. Yonenaga, A. Sano, H. Toba, K. Murata, O. Mitomi, “320 Gbit/s (8 × 40 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 367 km with 120 km repeater spacing using carrier-suppressed return-to-zero format”, Electron.Lett., vol. 35, pp. 2041- 2042, 1999.
7.        S. P. Majumder, A. Azhari and F. M. Abbou, “Impact of fiber chromatic dispersion on the ber performance of an optical cdma IM/DD transmission system” IEEE Photon Technol. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 1340–1342, 2005.
8.        Zheng,X., Liu,F.,and Jeppesen,P.: “Receiver optimization for 4Gb/s optical duobinary signal”,IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 2001, 13,(7)
9.        Prabhpreet Kaur, Kulwinder Singh,” Analysis of Four Wave Mixing Effect at Different Channel Spacing in Multichannel Optical Communication System”, IJEIT Volume 3, Issue 5, November 2013
10.     T.Sabapathi., S.Sundaravadivelu and Prabha. G, “Analysis and Reduction of Stimulated Raman Scattering in DWDM Fiber Optic Communication System”, Int. Conference in Cape Institute of Technology, May 2010.

45-50

11.

Authors:

Rakesh Shukla, Hari Om Prakash, R. Phanibhusan, S. Venkataraman, Geeta Varadan

Paper Title:

Pehchanmail: IBE Based E-Token Authenticated Secure Email

Abstract:  Ubiquity and speed of email have made it increasingly effective to look in to the security aspect. Providing reliance over this medium has become an inevitable requirement and security has been a growing concern over the past few years. The average individual, who uses e-mail, naively believes that their e-mail is private and secure. The electronic world is filled with snoopers who can access all types of data over the network. In secure email and other secure communication, there is a major problem of key management. As the world goes digital, with more and more raw information about individuals available electronically, the need for security with hassle free key management increases. The emails of today are secured by encrypting the content on an external medium and sending this as an attachment over the mail. The paper discusses the implementation of providing security using any public identity information of the recipient and authenticating using cryptoki standard E-Token. Identity Based Encryption is a public-key cryptography which uses unique or exclusive data about the identity of an email client or a recipient to encrypt the data and later generates a public key corresponding to that unique/exclusive information. The unique information about the recipient can be his/her’s email address in congregation with his mobile number or Social Security number. All these become parameters to create the public key. Time Stamp can also be incorporated to above parameters to create the public key. IBE is subset of larger set ABE (Attribute based Encryption) were one can enable automatic encryption of messages based on the attributes one chooses. The message gets decrypted on the recipient system regardless of the operating system. There are other systems that provide specific security but are strongly tied to the mail servers and browsers. A browser-based method allows the recipient to decrypt and read the secure message. 

Keywords:  Encryption, Decryption, IMAP4, SMTP, Symmetric key, block cipher, key, variable key, EToken, Cryptoki, Identity Based Encryption

References:
1.        D. Boneh and M. Franklin, “Identity based encryption from the Weil pairing”, in Proc of Advances in Cryptology - Crypto 2001, LNCS
2.        Rakesh Shukla, Hariom Prakash, R. Phani Bhushan, "Sahastradhara Biometric and Etoken Integrated Secure Email System", IEEE ICACT-2013. pp. 000-000 Published in Advanced Computing Technologies (ICACT), 2013 15th International Conference , 21-22 September, 2013 Pages 1-4 Print ISBN 978-1-4673-2816-6 , INSPEC Accession Number: 14066359 , DOI 10.1109/ICACT.2013.6710516
3.        Identity-Based Encryption from the Weil Pairing, pp.213–229, Springer-Verlag ,London UK, 2001 , CRYPTO 01 Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology.Pages 213-229, ISBN:3-540-42456-3
4.        FortiMail Identity Based Encryption.:
5.        http://www.fortinet.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/FML_WP_IBE.pdf
6.        Information Encryption for Email, Files, Documents & Databases http://www.voltage.com/technology/identity-based-encryption
7.        Bruce Schneier, Applied Cryptography--Second Edition, pp. 8. ISBN 0-471-11709-9
8.        E-Token help information PKI version 4.55.22.
9.        http://www.safenet-inc.com/data-protection/data-encryption-control/
10.     Practical Implementation of Identity Based Encryption for Secure E-mail Communication
11.     http://ieeeplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=5600456&abstractAccess=no&userType=inst Informatics (PCI), 2010 14th Panhellic Conference Date: 10-12 Sep,2010 ISBN : 978-1-4244-7838-5 INSPEC Accession Number: 11598030 DOI 10.1109/PCI.2010.48

51-54

12.

Authors:

Kalpana Wani, J.W. Bakal

Paper Title:

A New Preprocessing Approach for Mining Association Rule from Large Database   

Abstract:   As we know now a day’s internet plays vital role in serving the needs of the user's on web. We can search the information, we can order the items and can do many things online. Different options are available for this, but many times we don’t have time to go through all alternatives and decide the best one.  In such case a Web Page Recommendation System will be helpful to suggest the pages which are most relevant to your current search. The Server log files are generated as a result of an interaction between the client and the service provider on web. Server log file contains the massive hidden valuable information related to the visitors, if we mined this, it can be used for predicting the navigation behavior of the users. However the task of discovering frequent sequence patterns from the server log is challenging as it consist of huge data. Most of the time this data is incomplete and because of that it can’t be processed further for generating accurate knowledge. Proposed system focuses on adopting an intelligent technique that can provide personalized web service for accessing related web pages more efficiently and effectively. Proposed system uses two intelligent algorithms for predicting the user behavior's namely FP Growth and Éclat. These algorithms save the time and space problem of existing system. Further from the frequent pages pattern Direct and Indirect Association Rules are generated and based on that Ranking is provided to pages which will help recommendation system to recommend similar search pages. This paper focuses on new approach for preprocess web log data.

Keywords:   Association Rule, Indirect Association Rule, Parsing, Preprocessing.

References:
1.        Piatetsky-Shapiro, Gregory (1991), Discovery, analysis, and presentation of strong rules, in Piatetsky-Shapiro, Gregory; and Frawley, William J.; eds., Knowledge Discovery in Databases, AAAI/MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
2.        Agrawal, R.; Imieliński, T.; Swami, A. (1993). "Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases". Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '93.  p. 207. Do i: 10.1145/ 170035. 170072.  ISBN 0897915925. 
3.        Bina Kotiyalt, Ankit Kumar2, Bhaskar Pant3, R.H. Goudar4, Shiv ali Chauhan5 and Sonam  Junee6.”  User Behavior Analysis in Web Log through Comparative Study of Éclat and Apriori”, Proceedings of7'h International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO 2013)
4.        N. VENKATESAN, RAMARAJ,” FREQUENT ITEMSET MINING WITH BIT SEARCH”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 15 July 2012. Vol. 41 No.1
5.        Ravi Bhushan and Rajender Nath,” Recommendation of Optimized Web Pages to   Users Using Web Log Mining Techniques”, 978-1-4673-4529-3/12/$31.00c 2012 IEEE
6.        PRZEMYSŁAW KAZIENKO.” MINING INDIRECT ASSOCIATION RULES FOR WEB RECOMMENDATION”, Int. J. Appl. Math. Computer. Sci., 2009, Vol. 19, No. 1, 165–186
7.        Bamshad Mobasher, Robert Cooley, Jaideep Srivastava,"Automatic Personalization Based on Web Usage Mining", Communications of the ACM, New York, Volume 43, Issue 8, Aug 2000.
8.        Yan Li, Boqin FENG and Qinjiao MAO, "Research on Path Completion Technique in Web Usage Mining", International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology, IEEE, 2008.
9.        Robert. Cooley, Bamshed Mobasher and Jaideep Srinivastava,"Web mining:Infonnation and Pattern Discovery on the World Wide Web", In International conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, pages 558-567, Newport Beach, IEEE,1997.
10.     Perkowitz, M., Etzioni, 0.: Adaptive sites: Automatically learning from user access patterns. In: Proc. of the Sixth International WWW Conference, Santa Clara, CA. (1997).
11.     Cooley, R., Mobasher, B., & Srivastava, J.: Data preparation for mining World Wide Web browsing patterns. Knowledge Information Systems, 1(1), pp. 5-32. (1999).
12.     H. Mannila, H. Toivonen. Discovering generalized episodes using minimal occurrences. In: Proc.Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Portland, Oregon, 1996.
13.     Yan, T. W., Jacobsen, M., Garcia-Molina, H., and Dayal, U.1996. From user access patterns to dynamic hypertext linking. In Proceedings of the Fifth international World Wide Web Conference on Computer Networks and ISDN Systems (Paris, France). P. H. Enslow, Ed. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1007-1014.
14.     Ciesielski, V. and Lalani, A., Data mining of web access logs from an academic web site. In Proceedings of the Third
15.     International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'03).
16.     Kalpana Wani, Madhu N.Association Rule Mining for Large Database. In International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology in ISSN:2278-0181(ISO 3297:2007)volume-2 Issue10 oct 2013
17.     http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-logfile.html

55-60

13.

Authors:

Arjun C Unni, A.Junghare

Paper Title:

Fuzzy Logic Controller and LQR for Magnetic Levitation Syste

Abstract: Magnetic suspension systems have been successfully implemented for many applications such as frictionless bearings, high-speed maglev passenger trains, and fast-tool servo systems. Due to the features of the instability and nonlinearities of the magnetic suspension system, the design of a high-performance controller for the position control of the levitated object is very import. This paper presents the modelling of the system and control of the same.

Keywords:    Magnetic levitation system, Fuzzy, LQR

References:
1.     K. Ishaque, Y. Saleem, S. S. Abdullah, M. Amjad, M. Rashid, S. Kazi, Modeling and  control  of magnetic  levitation  system  via fuzzy logic controller, IEEE 4th International Conference on in Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization,  2011, pp.1–6.
2.     P.  Suster , A. Jadlovska,  Modeling and  control  design of magnetic  levitation system, 2012 IEEE  10th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics, 2012, pp. 295–299.
3.     Ahmad, Z. Saad, M. Osman, I. Isa, S. Sadimin, S. Abdullah, Control of magnetic  levitation  system  using fuzzy logic control, IEEE Second International Conference on Computational  Intelligence, Modeling and Simulation,  2010, pp. 51–56.
4.     D.  L.  Trumper, S. M Olson, P. K Subrahmanyan, Linearizing  control  of magnetic suspension systems, IEEE  Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 427–438, 1997.
5.     C.-F.  Juang, J.-Y. Lin, C.-T. Lin, Genetic  reinforcement learning  through symbiotic  evolution  for fuzzy controller  design, IEEE  Transactions on Systems,  Man,  and  Cybernetics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 290–302, 2000.
6.     K.Ogata, Y.Yang, Modern control engineering.
7.     F. Lewis, Linear quadratic  regulator  (LQR) state feedback design, 1998.

61-64

14.

Authors:

Sergio Caballero-Caballero, Jaime Mora-Vargas, Juan Frausto-Solís, Miguel González Mendoza

Paper Title:

A Hybrid Simulated Annealing- Genetic Algorithm for Course Time Tabling Problem

Abstract:  Course timetabling problem (CTP) consists on assigning a set of courses into a limited group of timeslots.  Among the huge variety of algorithms proposed to solve it, Simulated Annealing (SA) is one with the best performance; even though not always find the optimal solution. Besides it is known that SA converges to a very good solution whether its parameters are correctly tuned. In this sense, how to improve SA performance is an open area; two general SA features require to be researched: 1) To improve its exploration capacity and 2) To develop confident tuning schemes. In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm named SA-GA is presented which it uses SA with Genetic Algorithms (GA). This hybridization uses a Markov tuning approach with a good exploration feature given by the genetic method in order to solve CTP. Also the mathematical CTP problem is presented and a several statistical significance testing method are applied.

Keywords:    (CTP), (SA), SA, CTP.

References:
1.        , V. Computer-aided school and university timetabling: the new wave. Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT), 1995, p. 22 – 45.
2.        BURKE, E.; JACKSON, K. S.; KINGSTON, J. H.; WEARE, R. F. Automated timetabling: the state of the art. The Computer Journal, Vol. 40, Nº 9, 1997, p. 565 – 571.
3.        BURKE, E.K.; PETROVIC, S. Recent research directions in automated timetabling. European Journal of Operational Research, 2002, p. 266 – 280.
4.        CARTER, M. W.; LAPORTE, G. Recent developments in practical course timetabling. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT), 1997, p. 3 – 19.
5.        CARTER, M. W.; LAPORTE, G. Recent developments in practical examination timetabling. Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT), 1995, p. 2 – 21.
6.        EVEN, S.; ITAI, A.; SHAMIR, A. On the complexity of timetabling and multicommodity flow problems. SIAM Journal of Computation, Vol. 5, Nº 4, 1976, p. 691 – 703.
7.        GEN M., CHENG R. Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design, John Wiley, 2000.
8.        GÓMEZ, J. L. Algoritmos genéticos con diversidad forzada para la resolución del problema de timetabling educativo. Tesis de maestría, Instituto Tecnológico y de
Estudios Superiores Monterrey (ITESM), Campus Cuernavaca. México, 2005.
9.        GONZÁLEZ, C. Educational timetabling resuelto con recocido simulado y modelado bajo una arquitectura web. Generalización y aplicación práctica: Casos PATAT y UADY. Tesis de maestría, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores Monterrey (ITESM), Campus Cuernavaca. México, 2005.
10.     MEISELS, A.; LUSTERNIK, N. Experiments of networks of employee timetabling problems. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT), 1997, p. 130 – 141.
11.     PAECHTER, B.; ROSSI – DORIA, O; BLUM, C; KNOWLES, J.;SAMPELS, M.; SOCHA, K. A local search for the timetabling problem. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, 2002, p. 124 – 127.
12.     RENDERS J., FLASSE S., Hybrid methods using genetics algorithms for global optimization, in IEEE Tran. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1996, pp. 243-258.
13.     RUIZ-ANDINO A., ARAUJO L., SAENZ F., RUZ J., A Hybrid Evolutionary Approach for Solving Constrained Optimization Problems over Finite Domains, in IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2000, pp. 353-372.
14.     SANVICENTE, H.; FRAUSTO, J. Method to establish the cooling scheme in simulated annealing like algorithms. International Conference ICCSA’2004, 2004, p.755 – 763.
15.     SANVICENTE, H.; FRAUSTO, J.; Imperial F. Solving SAT Problems with TA Algorithms Using Constant and Dynamic Markov Chains  Length.
16.     SCHAERF, A. A survey of automated timetabling. Artificial Intelligence Review, 1999, p. 87 – 127.
17.     SCHREUDER, JAN A. M. Historical developments, present situation and future perspectives on sports timetabling. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT), 1997, p. 353 – 357.
18.     SMITH, S. Is scheduling a solved problem? Special Session. The Next 10 Years of Scheduling Research on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.
2001, p. 116 – 120.
19.     SOTIROPOULOS D.G., STAVROPOULOS E.C. VRAHATIS M.N., A New Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Global Optimization, in Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods and Applications, Elsevier, Vol. 30, No. 7, 1997, pp. 1529-1538.
20.     WHITLEY D., Modeling Hybrid Genetic Algorithms, in Genetic Algorithms in Engineering and Computer Science, John Wiley, pp. 191-201.
21.     WREN, A.; ROUSSEAU, J. Bus driver scheduling – an overview. Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling, 1995, p. 173 – 187.
22.     WREN, V. Scheduling, timetabling and rostering – a special relationship. Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT), 1995, p. 46 – 75.

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15.

Authors:

Dominic Fernandes, Akshay Kulkarni, Rohan Kulkarni, Sushant Dahale, Rahul.N.Yerrawar

Paper Title:

Process Improvement of Centreless Grinding Machine

Abstract:   The Centerless grinding machine primarily facilitates the ease of grinding processes of bulk and big mechanical component’s which are difficult to axially fit and rotate on the centered grinding machine’s. The preceding and early developed grinding machines were majorly manually operated, which caused accuracy and precision deviations to the payload. This paper gives a detailed improvement’s of the former. A detailed study of the advanced machines and a comprehensive study in advanced process monitoring in centerless grinding technology are looked into. A collaborative study led to the following improvement’s which will be further discussed: Implementation of In Process Gauging, Implementation of  Flagging Unit for face cut, Implementation of Servo mechanism for Regulating Wheel Dresser, Implementation of Servo mechanism for Drive Feed. The study of improvement of the number of axis which were manually controlled and have been integrated with C.N.C Control processors have also been summarized. The merging of the above mentioned specific’s and implementation to the grinding machine  and the effect of these improvements have been studied.

Keywords: Centreless grinding, Cpk index, In Process Gauging, Flagging unit

References:
1.        Valery Marinov, Manufacturing Technology, page no.-136-137.Available- www.ie.emu.edu.tr
2.        Centreless Grinding: Not magic, chicinnati, 2000 republished 2007.
3.        Probing systems for CNC machine tools, Renishaw. Available-www.renishaw.com
4.        Kunihiko Unno, Toshio Tsujiuchi, Yasuo Niino, “Regulating wheel dressing system in centerless grinder,” 1986.

71-74

16.

Authors:

Umesh Kumar, D N Singh

Paper Title:

Electronic Waste: Threats & Concerns of Disposal

Abstract:  The development of electronic industry and electronic & electrical equipments (EEE) has eased man’s life by automation at one end but has posed multiple threats at other end. The situation becomes critical when development alone is getting focus worldwide. Every product and its constituents which result in it have a life and stock. All efforts have to be made to preserve them and use in most optional ways. The situation when end of life of EEE products come we are left with two options, either to extend the life by reusing, recycling, extraction of constitutions and rebuilding or left with disposal options. The disposal of EEE can be result of accumulation of products from domestic market or from the exports from have ones in name of keeping their situation and environment safe. These disposable EEE have many toxic, hazardous substances which can be elemental or manmade. The manmade substances which are commonly known as organic substances are those who don’t get decomposed and even on burning leave traces and residues which persist in environment and make the world dirtier and hazardous. The study reveals that the preposition of degradation goes with industrialization, demographic preposition of areas concerned and primarily on non strictness/ absence of the regulatory & monitoring enforcement agencies. The situation has not gone to worse and if one takes stringent measures even now, the world still can be made / retained  safer to live in with sustained development keeping in mind that madness for automation is not the need of hour but existence and multiple threats and concerns which are griping us are the main concerns. The banned substances use in product manufacturing must be stopped. Use of environment friendly constituents and permitted components will give rise to safe products. The initiatives of buy back , extended producers responsibility must be exercised to maximum so that disposal is done in safe and highly technical manner in controlled and sustained environment causing very less or even no harm. The formal sectors role has to be highlighted and encouraged. General awareness among participants and public for the possible threats and concerns must be widely circulated.

Keywords: Telecommunication, Contamination, Electronics, Chlorinated, Organic, E-waste, Toxicity, Hazard.

References:
1.     Datamonitor report of 2009-10
2.     WEEE recycling report 2013 available on website
3.     Arwidsson Z et al  Remediation of metal-contaminated soil by organic metabolites from fungi II-metal redistribution. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 2009
4.     Raghupathy, L., 2007. E-waste management in India. (Website viewed on  www.env.go.jp /recycle/
5.     Toxics Link. E-Waste in Chennai Time is running out. 2004 Available from:  w.toxicslink.org  [2011]
6.     Gupta RK: E-waste recycling and health effects: a review. Centre for Education and Communication- 2007.
7.     E-waste management in India. Pandve HT. An emerging environmental and health issue. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2007
8.     India together: UN report spotlights India’s e-waste pile up -31March 2010.Available from:indiatogether.org/2010/ mar /env-unewaste
9.     WEEE Recyle India Available on www.weeerecycle.in10.  Alaee et al 2003. An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possibly modes of release. Environment International 29 (6):
11.  Cobbing, M. 2008 Toxic Tech: Not in our backyard:    Uncovering the hidden flows of e-waste. Greenpeace    International, The Netherlands. www. greenpeace.
org
12.  Recyclers' Association Kirtika Suneja / New Delhi. May 20, 2010. Available from: www.business-standard.com
13.  Umesh Kr et. al. in recent International journal on topics of E waste available online 2013,2014
14.  Chen A, et al 2011  Developmental neurotoxicants in Ewaste:an emerging health concern. Environmental Health Perspectives
15.  Satyamurthy, K., 2006. Managing e-waste without harmingenvironment(hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/ print
16.  Birnbaum, L.S. & Staskal, D.F. (2004). Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern? Environmental Health Prespect
17.  Darnerud, P.O. 2003. Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife. EnvironmentInt 29 (6)
18.  UNEP, 2007, ―Vol- I: E- Waste Inventory and Assessment Management Manual‖
19.  UNEP, 2007, ―Vol- II: E- Waste Management Manual
20.  Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of Electronic Waste by Central Pollution
21.  Green peace 2008. An Assessment of E-waste Take back in India, Take back Blues, Bangalore.
22.  Notification in the Official Gazette of India, The E-Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011, MOEF 
23.  Environmental law and policy, edited by arunavenkat.  Published phi learning pvt. Ltd., 2011
24.  WEEE recycling report 2013 available on website
25.  Arensman, Russ, Nov 2000“Ready for Recycling?” Electronic Business, The Management Magazine for the Electronics Industry.
26.  Matthews et al  1997 Disposition and End-of-Life Options for Personal Computers, Carnegie Mellon University Green Design Initiative Technical Report #97-10, July 7
27.  Fowler BA, et al 1974 : Arsenic poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine 1974, 291 (22)
28.  Handbook of environment law, edited by p. B. Sahasranaman. Published oxford university press, 2009
29.  Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, Just Say No to E-Waste:  Background Document on Hazards and Waste From Computers
30.  Andersson, P. 2004 Small and large scale fire experiments with electric cables under well-ventilated and vitiated conditions. Fire Technology
31.  Carlsson, H et al  2000 Video display units: an emission source of the contact allergenic flame retardant triphenyl phosphate in the indoor environment.
Environmental Science and Technology 34(18):
32.  ATSDR 1998 Toxicological profile for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), United States Public HealthService, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, December 1998
33.  EU 1991 Directive 91/338/EEC of 18 June 1991 amending for the 10th time Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Official Journal L 186,
12/07/1991:
34.  IPCS 1998 Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, Environmental Health Criteria, No. 205,
35.  International Programme on Chemical Safety, UNEP/ILO/WHO, ISBN 92 4 157205
36.  Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, op. cit. see also National Safety Council
37.  Baba A, 2010 et al Study of metals dissolution from a brand of mobile phone waste. Metalurgija –Journal of Met
38.  Sheng PP, et al 2007: Recovery of gold from computer circuit board scrap using aqua regia. Waste Management and Research
39.  EU 2006 Directive 1013/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste. Official Journal L 190, 12/07/2006: pp. 01-98 [http://eurlex.europa.eu
40.  Barbosa FJ et al : 2005 A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: advantages, limitations, and future needs. Environmental Health Perspectives
41.  Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, op. cit
42.  National Safety Council, op. cit
43.  Babu R et al :  Electrical and electronic waste: a global environmental problem. Waste Management & Research 2007
44.  Balabanic D et al : 2011 Negative impact of endocrine disrupting compounds on human reproductive health. Reproduction, Fertility and Development
45.  Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation 96.  Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap. Austin, TX: MCC
46.  Various other related materials from Internet various web sites

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17.

Authors:

Ahirrao P. P., Rai S. S., Pathania B. R.

Paper Title:

Data Leakage Detection

Abstract:   A data distributor has given sensitive data to  a set of supposedly trusted agents (third parties). If the data distributed to third parties is found in a public/private domain then finding the guilty party is a nontrivial task to distributor. Traditionally, this leakage of data is handled by water marking technique which requires modification of data. To overcome the disadvantages of using watermark [2], data allocation strategies are used to improve the probability of identifying guilty third parties. In this project, we implement and analyze a guilt model that detects the agents using allocation strategies without modifying the original data. The guilty agent is one who leaks a portion of distributed data. The idea is to distribute the data intelligently to agents based on sample data request and explicit data request in order to improve the chance of detecting the guilty agents. The algorithms implemented using fake objects will improve the distributor chance of detecting guilty agents. It is observed that by minimizing the sum objective the chance of detecting guilty agents will increase. We also developed a framework for generating fake objects.

Keywords:   sensitive data, fake objects, data allocation strategies, data leakage, data privacy, fake record

References:
1.        Panagiotis Papadimitriou, Student Member, IEEE, and Hector Garcia-Molina, “DATA LEAKAGE DETECTION ”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING, VOL. 23, NO. 1, JANUARY 2011.
2.        Sandip A. Kale, Prof. S.V.Kulkarni,Department Of CSE, MIT College of Engg, Aurangabad,“Data Leakage Detection: A Survey ”,Vol. 1, NO. 6, July-Aug 2012.
3.        Prerna Jawdand, Prof. Girish Agarwal, Prof. Pragati Patil Student (Mtech-CSE)AGPCE, Professor (Mtech-CSE)AGPCE, HOD (Mtech-CSE)AGPCE, “DATA LEAKAGE
DETECTION ”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 NO. 1, January- 2013.
4.        Mr.V.Malsoru, Naresh Bollam “Review On Data Leakage Detection ”, International Journal Of Engineering Reserach And Applications(IJERA) VOL.1,NO. 3,May- 2013.
5.        Panagiotis Papadimitriou, Hector Garcia-Molina “Data Allocation Strategies ”,International Journal On Trends And Technology,Vol. 3,NO. 4, April 2012,.
6.        Archana Vaidya, Prakash Lahange, Kiran More, Shefali Kachroo and Nivedita Pandey “Data Leakage Detection ” International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology,VOL. 2231, NO. 1963, March 2012.
7.        Amir Harel, Asaf Shabtai, LiorRokach, and Yuval Elovici “AMisuseabilityWeightMeasure”, IEEE Transactions ON Dependable And Secure Computing, Vol.9, NO. 3, MAY/JUNE 2012.
8.        Rohit Pol, Vishwajeet Thakur, Ruturaj Bhise, Prof. Akash Kate “Data Leakage Detection ”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA),VOL. 2, NO. 3, May-Jun 2012.
9.        Rudragouda G Patil, “Development of Data leakage Detection Using Data Allocation Strategies ”, International Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Sciences, VOL. I, NO. II, JUNE 2011.
10.     Unnati Kavali,Tejal Abhang, Mr.Vaibhav Narawade, “Data Allocation Strategies In Data Leakage Detection”, International Journal Of Engineering Reserach And
Applications(IJERA), VOL 2,NO. 2,May-2011.
11.     Polisetty Sevani Kumari,Kavidi Venkata Mutyalu,Development Of Data Leakage Detection Using Data Allocation, VOL. 2,NO. 2, Jun 2011.

85-89

18.

Authors:

Sapna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta

Paper Title:

Robust PID Tuning of Heat Exchanger System Using Swarm Optimization Method

Abstract:    Though there are numerous tuning methods available for PID controller, most of the time the controller is tuned using trial and error method. The trial and error based tuning of PID controller leads to deterioration in control performance. One of the solution of trial and error based tuning is to either find the optimal tuning parameters using any of the tuning rule or find the optimal tuning parameters using any of the optimization algorithms. There are several evolutionary and swarm intelligence based optimization techniques available in literature. This paper finds the optimal tuning parameter using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and implements the results in a heat exchanger control problem to validate the results.

Keywords:    PID controller, Particle swam optimization, Swarm Optimization, Tuning

References:
1.        Astrom, K., J., & Wittenmark, B., Computer controlled systems: Theory and Design. Prentice-Hall Information and System Sciences Series, 1984.
2.        Kiam Heong Ang, Chong G, Yun Li, “PID control system analysis, design and technology,” IEEE Trans. Control System Technology, vol. 13, issue 4, Jul 2005, pp. 559-576.
3.        Daniel Carmona Morales, Jorge E Jimenez-Hornero, Francisco Vazquez and Fernando Morilla, “Educational tools for optimal controller tuning using evolutionary strategies,” IEEE Trans. Edu., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 48-57, February 2012.
4.        Zwe-Lee Gaing, “A particle swarm optimization approach for optimum design of PID controller in AVR system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 384-391, June 2004.
5.        Chih-Cheng Kao, Chin-Wen Chuang, Rong-Fong Fung, “The self-tuning PID control in a slider-crank mechanism system by applying particle swarm optimization approach,” Mechatronics, 16,  pp. 513 – 522, 2006.
6.        Tae-Hyoung Kim, Ichiro Maruta and Toshiharu Sugie, “Robust PID controller tuning based on constrained particle swarm optimization,” Automatica, 44, pp. 1104
1110, 2008.
7.        Tae-Hyoung Kim, Ichiro Maruta, Toshiharu Sugie, “Robust PID controller tuning based on the constrained particle swarm optimization,” Automatica, 2007    
8.        Altinoz O.T., Yilmaz A.E., Weber G.W., “Application of chaos embedded PSO for PID parameter tuning,” International Journal of Computer Communication,” vol. 7,
no. 2, 204-217, 2012
9.        Subhransu Padhee, Yaduvir Singh, “A comparative analysis of various control strategies implemented on heat exchanger system: A case study,” in Proc. World Congress of Engineering, Jul 2010, pp. 873-877.
10.     Subhransu Padhee, Yuvraj Bhusan Khare, Yaduvir Singh, “Internal model based PID control of shell and tube heat exchanger system,” in Proc. IEEE Student’s Technology Symposium (TechSym), Jan 2011, pp. 297-302.
11.     J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks, vol. 4, 1995, pp. 1942-1948.
12.     Dian Palupi Rini, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin and Siti Sophiyati Yuhaniz, “Particle swarm optimization: Technique, system and challenges,” Int. J. Comp. Appl., vol. 14, no. 1, Jan 2011, pp. 19 – 27
13.     S.M. Giriraj Kumar, Deepak Jayaraj, Anoop R. Kishan, “PSO based tuning of a PID controller for a high performance drilling machine,” Int. J. Comp. Appl., vol. 1, no. 19, 2010, pp. 12-18
14.     H.E.A Ibrahim, F.N. Hassan and Anas O. Shomer, “Optimal PID control of a brushless DC motor using BFO and BF techniques,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2013

90-94

19.

Authors:

Jayanta Mishra, Deepak Kumar Barik, Ch. Manoj Kumar Swain

Paper Title:

Cyclostationary Based Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio: Windowing Approach

Abstract:   A key challenge in operating cognitive radios (CRs) in a self-organizing (ad hoc) network is how to adaptively and efficiently allocate transmission powers and spectrum among CRs according to the surrounding environment.  The growing demand of wireless applications has put a lot of constraints on the usage of available radio spectrum which is limited and precious resource. However, a fixed spectrum assignment has lead to under utilisation of spectrum as a great portion of licensed spectrum is not effectively utilised. Cognitive radio is a promising technology which provides a novel way to improve utilisation efficiency of available electromagnetic spectrum. Spectrum sensing helps to detect the spectrum holes (underutilised bands of the spectrum) providing high spectral resolution capability. In this paper cyclostationary feature based spectrum sensing technique is discussed along with the implementation of different window techniques. Cyclostationary feature can be used for spectrum sensing in a very low SNR environment.

Keywords:  Cognitive radio networks, Spectrum sensing, Cyclostationary feature based spectrum sensing, Window technique.

References:
1.        .K. Verma, R.L. Dua, “A Survey on Cyclostationary Feature Spectrum Sensing Technique,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 1, Issue 7, September 2012.
2.        FCC, "Spectrum Poicy Take Force(SPTF) Report”, ET docket no 02-135, November 2002.
3.        F. Akyildiz, W.Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, “Next generation /dynamic spectrum access / cognitive radio wireless networks: a survey," Computer Networks Journal (Elsevier), vol. 50, pp. 2127-2159, September 2006.
4.        J. Mitola, “Cognitive radio for flexible mobile multimedia communication," in Proc. IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC), pp.
-10, November 1999.
5.        FCC, " Notice of Proposed Rule Making and Order”, ET docket no 03-222, December 2003.
6.        W.Y. Lee and I.F. Akyildiz, “A Spectrum Decision Framework for Cognitive Radio Networks”, IEEE transactions on mobile computing, vol. 10, no. 2, february 2011.
7.        I.F. Akyildiz, W.Y. Lee, M.C. Vuran. And S. Mohanty, “A survey on Spectrum Management in Cognit-ive Radio Networks”, Communica-tions Magazine, vol 46, pp. 40- 48, April 2008.
8.        F. Akyildiz, W. Y. Lee, and K. Chowdhury, "Spectrum Manage-ment in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Network, July-August 2009.
9.        M.B. Dave, “Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio:Use of Cyclo-Stationary Detector”, M.Tech Thesis, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, May 2012.
10.     B. Mohammed and R. Jean, “Wavelet Speech Enhancement based on the Teager Energy Operator”, ERMETIS, DSA,, G7H 2B1, Canada.
11.     M. Subhedar and G. Birajdar, “Spectrum Sensing  Techniques in Cognitive Radio Networks: a survey”, International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN) Vol.3, No.2, June 2011.
12.     T. Y¨ucek and H. Arslan, “A Survey of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Applications”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,Vol. 11, No. 1, First
uarter 2009.
13.     D.B. Rawat and G. Yan, “Spectrum Sensing Methods and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey”, International Journal of Research
and Reviews in Wireless Sensor Networks, vol. 1, no. 1, March 2011.
14.     A.C. Malady, “Cyclostationarity Feature-Based Detection and Classification”, MS Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, April 2011.

95-100

20.

Authors:

Sunay Mishra, L. Priyadarshini, S. Mishra

Paper Title:

Cruise Control of Automobiles

Abstract:    Control of automotive vehicles and engines is a relatively new field in automatic control. Some current applications for engine control are described. Future nonlinear and time-varying automotive systems will require the development of more advanced control schemes. Representative examples for plant modeling, parameter and state estimation, and adaptive control are presented. Therefore, in this thesis the approach of using such additional communicated information from either the second predecessor or the platoon leader is combined with the use of PLC as control method. The goal is to investigate whether any of these two configurations give an increase in performance compared with similar configurations with PLC as control method and compared with a more basic configuration that uses just the direct predecessor’s state information with either PLC.  Also, the possibly added value of using communicated predicted states, in addition to current states, with PLC is investigated. The CRUISE CONTROL controllers are designed to control the throttle, the brakes, and the gears, subject to operational constraints on acceleration, velocity, and vehicle-to-vehicle distance. The PLC- based CRUISE CONTROL controller contains a proportional feedback of the errors in velocity, position, and acceleration, combined with an automatic transmission scheme, and the control input is restricted at time instants at which a constraint is (almost) violated. The PLC-based CRUISE CONTROL controller at each time step minimizes the expected errors in position and velocity and the corresponding input variation.

Keywords:   Adaptive Cruise Control, Analog Input/ Output, Digital Input/Output, Programmable Logic Controller, Proportional integral, Mixed integer linear

References:
1.     van Arem, C.J.G. van Driel, and R. Visser. The impact of cooperative adaptive cruise control on traffic-flow characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Intel ligent Transportation. Systems, 7(4):429–436, 2006
2.     R. Bishop. Intel ligent Vehicle Technology and Trends. Artech House, 2005.
3.     Bose and P.A. Ioannou. Analysis of traffic flow with mixed manual and semiautomated vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intel ligent Transportation Systems, 4(4):173–188, 2003.
4.     D. de Bruin, J. Kroon, R. van Klaveren, and M. Nelisse. Design and test of a cooperative adaptive cruise control system. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Intel ligent Vehicles Symposium, pages 392–396, Parma, Italy, June 2004.
5.     E.F. Camacho and C. Bordons. Model Predictive Control in the Process Industry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1995.
6.     C.C. Chien and P. Ioannou. Automatic vehicle following. In Proceedings of the 199, American Control Conference, pages 1748–1752, Chicago, USA, June 1992.
7.     D. Corona and B. De Schutter. Adaptive cruise controller for a SMART car: A comparison benchmark for PLC-PWA control methods. IEEE Transactions on Control System. Technology, 16(2):365–372, 2008.
8.     Y. Zhang, E.B. Kosmatopoulos, P.A. Ioannou, and C.C. Chien. Autonomous intelligent cruise control using front and back information for tight vehicle following maneuvers. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 48(1):319–328, 1999
9.     S. Kumarawadu and T.-T. Lee. On the speed control for automated vehicle operation. In Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intel ligent Control and Automation, pages 2443–2448, Hangzhou, China, June 2004.
10.  T. Minowa, H. Kimura, N. Ozaki, and M. Ibamoto. Improvement of fuel consumption for a vehicle with an automatic transmission using driven power control with a powertrain model. JSAE Review, 17(4):375–380, 1996.

101-107

21.

Authors:

Anuradha Mohite, Varunakshi Bhojane

Paper Title:

Challenges and Implementation Steps of Natural Language Interface for Information Extraction from Database

Abstract:     The use of computers has started from last few years and the phase of bringing awareness in different parts of society regarding use and benefits of computer increased successfully. Not only industry but educational institutes, service sectors, manufacturing sectors etc. are using computers to store, process and update the information. Information is playing an important role in everyone’s lives. One of the important sources of information is database. The huge amount of data is stored in databases. For accessing information from database by the user who is not master in SQL or database query language, there is need of Natural Language Interface. Some challenges in implementing Natural Language Interface to Database along with implementation steps have been discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Ambiguities, MySQL, Natural language interface to database, Structured Query Language (SQL).

References:
1.     N Nihalani et al: “Natural language Interface for Database: A Brief review”, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 2, March 2011
2.     G. Miller, “WordNet: a lexical database for English, Princeton University”, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 1995.
3.     Prof. Amisha Shingala, Dr. Paresh Virparia, “Enhancing the Relevance of Information Retrieval by Querying the Database in Natural form”, 2013 International
Conference on Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP)
4.     Androutsopoulos, Ritchie & Thanisch P, “MASQUE/SQL- An efficient and portable Natural Language Query Interface for Relational Database”, Proc of sixth International Conference on Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert System, Edinburgh, 1993
5.     Gauri Rao et al., (2010) Natural Language Query Processing Semantic Grammar. (IJCSE) International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 02, 2010, 219-223.
6.     Karande N. D., and Patil G. A., (2009), Natural Language Database Interface for Selection of Data Using Grammar and Parsing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.
7.     F.Siasar djahantighi, M.Norouzifard, S.H.Davarpanah, M.H.Shenassa, “Using Natural Language Processing in Order to Create SQL Queries”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 2008 May 13-15, 2008 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
8.     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy

108-111

22.

Authors:

Devashree Sawant, N. G. Gore, P. J. Salunke

Paper Title:

Minimum Cost Design of PSC Post-Tensioned I-Girder for Short to Medium Span Bridges

Abstract:  Post-tensioned simply supported pre-stressed concrete (PC) I-girder bridges are widely used bridge system for short to medium span (20m to 50m) highway bridges due to its moderate self -weight, structural efficiency, ease of fabrication, low maintenance etc. In order to compete with steel bridge systems, the design of PC I-girder Bridge system must lead to the most economical use of materials. In this study, minimum cost design approach of a post-tensioned PC I-girder is presented. The objective is to minimize the total cost in the design process of the bridge system considering the cost of materials. For a particular girder span and bridge width, the design variables considered for the cost minimization of the I-girder, are top flange width, girder depth, bottom flange thickness, number of cables i.e. X1, X2, X3, X4 respectively. Design constraints for the optimization are considered according to AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), IS: 1343-1980 and Geometrical design requirements. The optimization problem is solved by having a combination of continuous, discrete and integer sets of design variables and multiple local minima. For An optimization purpose Matlab Software with SUMT (Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique) is used that is capable of locating directly with high probability the minimum design variables. The proposed cost optimization approach is validated which leads to a considerable cost saving while resulting in feasible design.

Keywords: constraints, design variables, Pre-stressed concrete, structural optimization

References:
1.        M. Z. Colin, and A. J. Mac Rae (1984) “Optimization Of Structural Concrete Beams” Journal Of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.1573-1588.
2.        James Tyvand, A. M.  and Arthur T. Blachly (1986) “Foamed Plastic Absorbs Staged Post-Tensioning  Deflections” Journal Of Constructions Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.582-587.
3.        Hany Abdalla and John B. Kennedy (1995) “Design Of Pre-stressed Concrete Beams With Openings” Journal Of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.894-898.
4.        Sami M. Fereig (1996) “Economic Preliminary Design Of Bridges With Pre-stressed I-Girders” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering.
5.        Nabil F. Grace and Brian Ross (1996) “Dynamic Characteristics of Post-tensioned Girders with Web Openings” Journal Of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.643-650.
6.        Charles G. Schilling. (1996) “Yield-Interaction Relationships For Curved I-Girders” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp. 26-33.
7.        Z. Lounis, M. S. Mirza, M. Z. Cohn, and Fellow, (1997) “Segmental And Conventional Precast Pre-stressed Concrete I-Bridge Girders” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.73-84
8.        Bradley N. Robsonl and Issam E. Harik (1998) “Pullback Testing Of Seismically Isolated P/C I-Girder Bridge” Journal Of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.643-650.
9.        Jeffrey A. Laman (1999) “Load Distribution and Impact Factors For I-Girder Bridges” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, vol 2.
10.     Paul J. Barr, Marc O. Eberhard, and John F. Stanton (2001) “Live-Load  Distributions Factors In Pre-stressed Concrete Girder Bridges” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.298-306.
11.     N. Robson, I. E. Harik, and V. Gupta (2001) “Effectiveness Of Seismic Isolation Of Highly Skewed P/C I-Girder Bridge” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.211-214.
12.     D. Linzell1, D. Hall, and D. White. (2004) “Historical Perspective on Horizontally Curved I Girder Bridge Design in the United States” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering,  
13.     Peter Kocsis, and P.E., (2004) “Evaluation of AASHTO Live Load and Line Load Distribution Factors for I-Girder Bridge Decks”, Practice Periodical On Structural Design And Construction American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.211-215.
14.     Joseph Yura, Todd Helwig,  Reagan Herman, and Chong Zhou, A.M. (2008) “Global Lateral Buckling of I-Shaped Girder Systems” Journal Of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.1487-1494.
15.     Benjamin A. Graybeal (2008) “Flexural Behavior of an Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete I-Girder”, ” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil
Engineering,vol.13.
16.     Benjamin Z. Dymond, Carin L. Roberts-Wollmann, and Thomas E. Cousins (2010) “Shear Strength of a Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Bridge Girder” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.615-618
17.     S. Rana & R.Ahsan (2010) “ Design of pre-stressed concrete I-girder bridge superstructure using optimization algorithm” Journal Of Bridge Engineering.
18.     David A. Petty, Paul J. Barr, G. Parry Osborn, Marvin W. Halling, and Travis R. Brackus (2011) “Carbon Fiber Shear Retrofit of Forty-Two-Year-Old AASHTO I-Shaped Girders” Journal Of Composites For Construction, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.773-781.
19.     Raquib Ahsan, Shohel Rana, and Sayeed Nurul Ghani (2012) “Cost Optimum Design of Posttensioned I-Girder Bridge Using Global Optimization Algorithm” Journal of Structural Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.273-284.
20.     Se-Jin Jeon, Myoung-Sung Choi, and Young-Jin Kim (2012) “Graphical Assessment for Span Ranges of PSC Girder Bridges” Journal Of Bridge Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineering, Pp.343-352.
21.     N. Krishna Raju (2007) “pre-stressed concrete” Tata mcgraw hill publication Pp. 613-653.

112-115

23.

Authors:

Amlan Barik, Sidharth Sabyasachi

Paper Title:

Control Design and Comparison of Unified Power Flow Controller for Various Control Strategies

Abstract:   Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most widely used Flexible ac Transmission system (FACTS) device to control the power flow and to optimize the system stability in the transmission line. This paper is basically used to verify the UPFC system in order to improve its performance in power system for various control strategies by using MATLAB software.  The parameters of the as length of the transmission lines has been changed to a different dimension and the result is compared with an existing model.

Keywords: FACTS, UPFC, STATCOM, control strategy.

References:
1.     Padiyar.K.R.Kulakarni, A.M..,.Control Design and Flow Controller. IEEE Simulation of Unified Power Delivery. Vol.13, No.4, October 1998,  pp.1348.1354.
2.     L.Gyugyi,C.D.Schauder,S.L. Williams, T.R. Rietman, D.R. Torgerson, A.Edris,. The Unified Power Flow Controller: A New Approach to Power Transmission Control, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.10, No.2 April 1995, pp. 1085-1097.
3.     L.Gyugyi,. Unified Power Flow Concept for Flexible AC Transmission Systems. IEEE Proc-c, Vol.139, No.4, July 1992, pp-323-332.
4.     C. Schauder and H.Mehta, Vector Analysis and Control of Advanced Static Var Compensator. IEEE Proc-c, Vol.140, No.4, July 1993, pp-299-306.
5.     H.Fujita.Y.Watnabe, H. Akagi,. Control and Analysis of a Unified Power Flow Controller. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics Vol.14 No.6. Nov 1999.
6.     I.Papic, P.Zunko, D.Povh, M.Weinhold. Basic Controller.IEEE Control of Unified Power Flow Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.12, No.4.November 1997.
7.     K.R.Padiyar, K.Uma Rao. Modeling and Controller for Transient Control of Unified Power Flow Stability. A Journal on Electrical Power and Systems Vol. No.21 Energy (1999)1-11.
8.     Sanbao Zherg And Yoke Lin Tan. Dynamic Character Study of UPFC Based on Detailed Simulation Model.IEEE Power conference 2000.
9.     D.Povh, R.Mihalic,I.papic,”FACTS equipment for Load Flow Control in High Voltage Systems”, Ci-gre Symposium, Power Electronics in Power Systems, Tokyo, May 1995.
10.  R.Mihalic, P.Zunko, D. Povh, “Modelling of Unified Power Flow Controller and its impact on Power Oscillation damping”, Cigre Symposium, Power Electronics in Power Systems, Tokyo, May 1995.
11.  K.R.Padiyar and K. Uma Rao, “A Control Scheme for Unified Power Flow Controller to improve Stability of Power Systems”, paper presented at the Ninth National Power Systems Conference, Kanpur, India, Dec. 1996.
12.  K.R.Padiyar, Power Sstem Dynamics- Stability and Control, John Wiley and Sons (SEA) Pte Ltd, Singapore, 1996.
13.  Loren H. Walker, “10-MW GTO Converter for Battery Peaking Service”, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications”, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jan/Feb 1990, pp-63-72. 

116-119

24.

Authors:

Shital L. Pingale, Nivedita Daimiwal

Paper Title:

Detection of Various Diseases Using ECG Signal in MALAB

Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) illustrates the electrical activity in the heart, and is the most important physiological parameter that gives the correct assessment regarding the functioning of the heart. ECG is the graphical recording of the  electrical activity of the heart used for clinical diagnosis. The project has been devised to find a method for ECG signal analysis which is simple andhas good accuracy and takes less computation time. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is generally used for diagnosis of cardiovascular abnormalities and disorders.

Keywords: ECG Signal, Pan Tompkins Algorithm, Abnormal ECG, QRS complex, RR interval.

References:
1.     L. Ahmad, M. Mohamed, N. A. Ab. Ghani,“ An Improved QRS Complex Detection for Online Medical Diagnosis”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 68 2012
2.     Narayana K.V.L, “Basic detection of QRS variation in ECG usingMATLAB”, Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, Vol. 2, No 7.
3.     J. Pan and W. Tompkins, “Real Time Algorithm detection for QRS” ,IEEE Trans. Eng. Biomed Eng, 32(3), 1985, pp.230-236.
4.     Friesen, G. M., Jannett, T. C., Jadallah, M. A., Yates, S. L., Quint, S. R.,Nagle, H. T. 1990. A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms. IEEE Trans. Biomed.Eng., BME-37: pp. 85–97.
5.     Thakor, N. V., Webster, J. G., and Tompkins, W. J. 1983. “Optimal QRS detector”. Medical and Biological Engineering, pp. 343–50.
6.     Thakor, N. V., Webster, J. G., and Tompkins, W. J. 1984. Estimation of QRS complex power spectra for design of a QRS filter. IEEE Trans.Biomed. Eng., BME-31: pp. 702–05.
7.     I.L.Ahmad and N.A. Jumadi, “Medical Physiology-An Introduction”, 1st ed., UTHM Publisher, 2009.
8.     F. Portet, A.I.Hernandz and G. Carrault, “Description algorithm QRS real time in variation context”, “Med. Biol. Eng Computing, 2005, 43(3), pp. 379-85.
9.     A. Ebrahimzadeh and A. Khazee, “Premature detection reduction ventricle use neural network (Multi Layer Perceptron) MLP: A comparative study”, Measurement Volume 43, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 103-112.World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology  

120-123

25.

Authors:

Makarand S Kumbhar, Dhananjay R. Panchagade, Kapil Baidya

Paper Title:

Development of Actuator Control Strategy for DC Motor Controlled Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)

Abstract:  An Actuator control strategy for Automated manual transmission (AMT) which uses electro mechanical Dc motor controlled linear actuators is presented in this paper. The actuator control strategy decides the operation of actuators to achieve the desired gear shift as per command of Transmission Control Unit (TCU). The gear shifting control strategy decides on which gear to be chosen whereas the actuator control strategy decides how to achieve the gear selection by controlling the actuators. The actuator control strategy for vehicle Startup and running conditions are described with the help of algorithms. The developed actuator control strategy was implemented in software in loop analysis by using Matlab / Simulink based AMT driveline model in vehicle simulator called ADVISOR. The simulation result evaluates the developed actuator control strategy in terms of improved efficiency as compared to manual transmission (MT) for same drive cycle.

Keywords: Actuator, Algorithm, AMT, Control strategy.

References:
1.        Magnus Pettersson and Lars Nielsen, "Gear Shifting by Engine     Control," IEEE transactions on control systems technology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 495-507, 2000.
2.        Lucente, Marcello Montanari, Carlo Rossi and G. Lucente, "Modeling of an automated manual Transmission system," Mechatronics, vol. 17, pp.73–91, 2007.
3.        B Mashadi, A Kazemkhani and R Baghaei Lakeh, "An automatic gear-shifting strategy for manual transmissions," IMechE, Systems and Control Engineering, vol. 221, pp.757-758, 2007.
4.        Liao Chenglin, Zhang Junzhi, Zhu Haitao, "A Study of Shift Control Algorithm without Clutch Operation for Automated Manual Transmission in the Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Society of Automotive Engineers of China, Fiesta, World Automotive congress, Barcelona, February 13, 2000. 

124-129

26.

Authors:

Surya Narayan Sahu, Biswajit Mohapatra, Linkan Priyadarsini

Paper Title:

Design of Facts Controller Using Genetic Algorithm Technique

Abstract:   The design objective is to enhance the power system stability. Phillips-Herffron model of a Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) power system equipped with SSSC controller is used to model the system in these studies. The design problem is formulated as an optimization problem and GA optimization technique is employed to search for optimal controller parameters. To show the superiority of the proposed approach, the performance of GA optimization technique is compared with a recently published paper in which Phase Compensation Technique(PCT) has been applied for the SSSC-based controller design Simulation results are presented for various operating condition and parameter variation under various disturbances to show the effectiveness and superiority of the GA optimization technique over the recently published PCT technique for a SSSC-based controller design

Keywords:   FACTS Controllers, Artificial intelligence, power system stability.,Phillips Heffron model

References:
1.        K. R. Padiyar. (1996). Power system dynamics: stability and control, Wiley.
2.        Sidhartha Panda, S.C. Swain, P.K. Rautray, R. Mallik, G. Panda, “Design and analysis of SSSC-based supplementary damping controller”, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, doi: 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.04.007.
3.        L. Gyugyi, C. D. Schauder  and K. K. Sen, (1997) ‘Static synchronous series compensator: a solid-state approach to the series compensation of transmission lines’,  IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 406-417.
4.        N. C. Sahoo,  B. K. Panigrahi,  P. K. Dash and G. Panda, (2004)“Multivariable nonlinear control of STATCOM for synchronous generator stabilization”, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 37-48
5.        Y. Abdel-Magid, M. Abido. – “Robust coordinated design of excitation and SSSC-based stabilizers using genetic algorithms”. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2004, 69(2-3): 129–141.
6.        M. Castro, H. Ayres, et al- “Impacts of the SSSC control modes on small-signal transient stability a power system.”- Electric Power System Research, 2007, 77: 1–9.
7.        F. Jowder. –“ Influence of mode of operation of the SSSC on the small disturbance and transient stability of a radial power system.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, 20(2): 935–942.
8.        R. Mihalic and I. Papic, ―Static synchronous series compensator—a mean for dynamic power flow control in electric power systems, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 45, pp. 65–72, 1998.
9.        K R Padiyar and K Uma Rao, ―Discrete control of series compensation for stability improvement in power systems”, Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 311-319, 1997."
10.     Habibur,Ilius ,Harun, “ Power System Stability Improvement By Using SVC With Power System Controller”, IJARCET,ISSN-2278 1323, Vol.1,Issue.9,Pp-37-42, Nov-2012.
11.     Bindeshwar Singh, N. K. Sharma and A. N. Tiwari , “Classification of Coordinated Control Techniques of FACTS Controllers in Emerging Power Systems”, Int J Engg Techsci Vol 1(1) 2010,18-34
12.     Chintan R Patel, Sanjay N Patel and Dr. Axay J Mehta, “Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC): An approach for reactive power compensation for the transmission system” National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology.
13.     P. Zhang and A. H. Coonick, -“Coordinated Synthesis of PSS Parameters in Multi-Machine Power Systems Using the Method of Inequalities Applied to Genetic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 15, No.2, May2000.
14.     A L. B. do Bomfim, G. N. Taranto, and D. M. Falcao, -“Simultaneous Tuning of Power Systems Damping Controllers Using Genetic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 15, No.1, February 2000.
15.     Keshi Reddy, Saidi Reddy, Narayana Prasad Padhy, and R. N. Patel,- “Congestion Management in Deregulated Power System Using FACTS Devices,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 21, No.2, 2006.
16.     Mahdiyeh ESLAMI, Hussain SHAREEF, Azah MOHAMED - “Application of artificial intelligent techniques in PSS design: a survey of the state-of-the-art methods.” 

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27.

Authors:

Pranjal Protim Borah, Gitimoni Talukdar, Arup Baruah

Paper Title:

Approaches for Word Sense Disambiguation –A Survey

Abstract:    Word sense disambiguation is a technique in the field of natural language processing where the main task is to find the correct sense in which a word occurs in a particular context. It is found to be of vital help to applications such as question answering, machine translation, text summarization, text classification, information retrieval etc. This has resulted in excessive interest in approaches based on machine learning which performs classification of word senses automatically. The main motivation behind word sense disambiguation is to allow the users to make ample use of the available technologies because ambiguities present in any language provide great difficulty in the use of information technology as words in human language that occur in a particular context can be interpreted in more than one way depending on the context. In this paper we put forward a survey of supervised, unsupervised and knowledge based approaches and algorithms available in word sense disambiguation (WSD).  

Keywords:    Machine readable dictionary, Machine translation, Natural language processing, Wordnet, Word sense disambiguation.

References:
1.        Samit Kumar, Neetu Sharma, Dr. S. Niranjan, “Word Sense Disambiguation Using Association Rules: A Survey”, International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 2, Issue 2, 2012.
2.        J. Sreedhar, S. Viswanadha Raju, A. Vinaya Babu, Amjan Shaik, P. Pavan Kumar, “Word Sense Disambiguation: An Empirical Survey”, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), Volume-2, Issue-2, May,2012.
3.        Blum  and S. Chawla , “ Learning from labeled and unla-beled data using graph mincuts”, ICML,2001.
4.        D. HINDLE and M. ROOTH, “Structural ambiguity and lexical relations”, Computat. Ling.19, 1, 103–120, 1993.
5.        R. J. MOONEY, “Comparative experiments on disambiguating word senses: An illustration of the role of bias in machine learning”, In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 82–91, 1996.
6.        T. PEDERSEN and R. BRUCE, “Distinguishing word senses in untagged text”, In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP, Providence, RI), 197–207, 1997.
7.        H. SCHUTZE, “Automatic word sense discrimination”, Computat.Ling.24, 1, 97–124, 1998.
8.        J. V´ERONIS, “Hyperlex: Lexical cartography for information retrieval”, Comput. Speech Lang. 18, 3, 223–252, 2004.
9.        D. LIN.,  “Automatic retrieval and clustering of similar words”, In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational linguistics (COLING, Montreal, P.Q., Canada). 768–774,1998.
10.     D. LIN and P.PANTEL, “Discovering word senses from text”, In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Edmonton, Alta., Canada). 613–619, 2002.
11.     PURANDAR and T. PEDERSEN, “Improving word sense discrimination with gloss augmented feature vectors”, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Lexical Resources for theWeb andWord Sense Disambiguation (Puebla, Mexico), 123–130, 2004.
12.     D.  YAROWSKY, “Decision lists for lexical ambiguity resolution: Application to accent restoration in Spanish and French”, In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Las Cruces, NM). 88–95, 1994.
13.     S. ABNEY and M. LIGHT, “Hiding a semantic class hierarchy in a Markov model”, In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing (College Park, MD), 1–8, 1999.
14.     Arindam Chatterjee, Salil Joshii, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Diptesh Kanojia and Akhlesh Meena,, “A Study of the Sense Annotation Process: Man v/s Machine‖”,
International Conference on Global Wordnets, Matsue,  Japan, January, 2012.
15.     M. Nameh, S.M. Fakhrahmad, M. Zolghadri Jahromi, “ A New Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Context Similarity”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Vol I, July 6 - 8, 2011.
16.     Pankaj Kumar, Atul Vishwakarma and Ashwani Kr. Verma, “Approaches for Disambiguation in Hindi Language”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Researc, Volume-3 Number-1 Issue-8 March, 2013.

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28.

Authors:

Ram.Subbiah, P.Karthick, R.Ilavarasan, T.Prasanth, R.Manjunath, R.Rajavel

Paper Title:

Effect of Nitrogen on Low Temperature Nitrided Stainless Steels for Steam Turbine Blades

Abstract:     In the last few years, an increasing interest has been taken in AISI 300 series austenitic stainless steels for use in industrial applications. In these steels nickel is partly replaced by other austenite stabilizing elements like manganese, chromium, nitrogen. However, their chromium content is usually lower than that of largely used Fe-Cr-Ni based other grade of stainless steels, so that their corrosion resistance may be lower.  For these AISI 300 series of stainless steels, low temperature nitriding treatments have been successfully employed to increase the corrosion resistance, due to the formation of modified surface layers consisting of chromium-nickel layers.  In this research, a low nickel AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steels was subjected to gas nitriding treatments in the range of 450-5500C. The applications was found to be in steam turbine blades. The specimens were characterized by optical microscope results and scanning microscope results. The treatments produce modified surface layers having a double layer structure. When the treatments are carried out at these temperatures, the outer layer was modified by iron chromium nitrides, and their amount increases as the treatment time goes higher. 

Keywords: Gas Nitriding, steam turbine blades, chromium-Nickel, scanning electron microscope.

References:
1.        M.Zhu, K.M.Lei (2000), ‘Wear resistance of high nitrogen plasma source ion nitrided austenitic stainless steel’, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol.131, pp.400-403.
2.        N.Bhuwaneshwaran,U.Kamachi Mudali, P.Shankar (2003), ‘Characterization of aluminide coatings formed by diffusion alloying on nitrogen containing type 316L stainless steels’, Scripta Materialia, Vol.49, pp.1133-1138.
3.        N.Kanishi,Tsuchiyama Toshihir, Mitsuyasu Hiromichi, Iwamoto Tykihide, Takaki Setsuo (2007), ‘Effect of solution nitriding on mechanical properties in a type 316L austenitic stainless steel’, Material Science Engineering, Vol.460, pp.186-194.
4.        N.Krishnaraj, K.J.L.Iyer, S.Sundaresan (1997), ‘Scuffing resistance of salt bath nitrocarburized medium carbon steel’, Wear, Vol.2, pp.237-244.
5.        N.Kumar, S.Kataria, S.Dash, S.K.Srivastava, P.Chandramohan, AK.Tyagi, KGM.Nair, Baldev Raj (2012), ‘Tribological properties of nitrogen ion implanted steel’, Wear, Vol.274, pp.60-67.
6.        N.Mingolo, A.P.Tschiptschin (2006), ‘On the formation of expanded austenite during plasma nitriding of 316L stainless steel’, Surface Coatings and Technology,
Vol.201, pp.4215-4218.
7.        N.Padhy, S.Ningshen, B.K.Panigrahi, Kanachi Mudali (2009), ‘Wear behaviour of ion implanted stainless steel by liquid nitriding’, Surface Coatings and Technology, Vol.112, pp.1122-1129.
8.        N.Turan, A.Koursaris (1993), ‘Nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel and their properties’, Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.93,
pp.97-104.
9.        N.Yasumaru (1998), ‘Low temperature ion nitriding of austenitic stainless steels’, Material Transactions, Vol.39, pp.1046-1052.
10.     N.Y.Sari, M.Yilmaz (2006), ‘Investigation of abrasive and erosive wear behaviour of surface hardening methods applied to stainless steel’, Materials and Design, Vol.27, pp.470-478.

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29.

Authors:

Ram.Subbiah, S.Satheesh, Shoan C.Sunny, G.Kishor, K.Fahad, R.Rajavel     

Paper Title:

Effect of Nitrogen on Stainless Steel Material at Low Temperature Salt Bath Solution Applicable to Ship Propeller Blades

Abstract:      Energetic nitrogen implantation into 316LN stainless steels or nickel-chromium alloys leads to the formation of a very hard and wear resistant surface layer with an expanded lattice. Austenitic stainless steels can be hardened at temperatures around 450-5500C using energetic nitrogen into ion implantation while retaining the corrosion resistance. The expanded austenite is characterized by a concentration dependent diffusion coefficient, strongly increasing at higher nitrogen concentrations. A comparison of the phase formation under identical process conditions at 4500C were nitrided and investigated at different time parameters. Low temperature salt bath nitriding of austenitic stainless steels can produce a specified nitrided layer with high hardness and good corrosion resistance. In this study, various austenitic stainless steel specimens were low temperature salt bath nitrided. As the application goes behind the ship propeller blades, these blades are always under salt waters. Due to this, these blades get corrode easily and loss its life in a very short period of time. In order to improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of these blades, salt bath  nitriding is done on the blades  and the effect of nitrogen on the specimens were investigated by various analyzing techniques using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope analysis. Wear test were carried out by a pin on disc machine. The thickness of the nitrided layers increased with an increase in the process temperature, and the thickness of the layer formed on AISI 316LN steel is thickest in all substrate steels. The wear resistance of every stainless steel was obviously improved by nitriding treatment.

Keywords: Liquid Nitriding, Ship Propeller Blades, Scanning Electron Microscope .

References:
1.     Sun.Y, Bell.T, 1998 “Sliding wear characteristics of low temperature nitrided 316 austenitic stainless steel”, Wear pp. 34-42.
2.     Budinski.K.G and Budinski.M.K., 2006, 7 th Edition, Engineering Materials, Prentice Hall India Ltd.
3.     James R.Easterday, 2001, ‘Influence of SBN on corrosion resistance of stainless steels’
4.     GopalakrishnanP., Ramakrishnan S.S., Shankar P and Palaniappa M (2002), ‘ Interrupted boriding of medium carbon steels’, Metallurgical and Materials transaction, Vol 33, pp 1475-1485.
5.     Funatani K (2004), ‘Low temperature salt bath nitriding of Steels’ , Journal of metal science and heat treatment; Vol 46, No 7-8, pp, 277-281.

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30.

Authors:

Anand S.Shivade, Shivraj Bhagat, Suraj Jagdale, Amit Nikam, Pramod londhe

Paper Title:

Optimization of Machining Parameters forTurning using Taguchi Approach

Abstract:  Modern manufacturers, seeking to remain competitive in the market, rely on their Manufacturing engineers and production personnel to quickly and effectively set up manufacturing processes for new products. This paper presents the single response optimization of turning parameters for Turning on EN8 Steel. Experiments are designed and conducted based on Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal array design. This paper discusses an investigation into the use of Taguchi parameter Design optimize the Surface Roughness and Tool tip temperature in turning operations using single point  carbide Cutting Tool. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is employed to analyze the influence of Process Parameters during Turning. The useful results have been obtained by this research for other similar type of studies and can be helpful for further research works on the Tool life.

Keywords:   ANOVA, EN8, Optimization, Surface Roughness, Turning..

References:
1.       Kalpakjian and S. Schmid, 2009, “Manufacturing process for engineering materials”, Pearson education, South Asia.
2.        R.Venkata Rao, 2011, Advanced modeling and optimization of manufacturing process, Springer Verlag London limited.
3.        M.Madic, D.Markoic and M. Radovanovic, 2012. “Application of surface roughness when turning polyamide using ANN-IHSA approach”, international journal of engineering and technology, Vol.1 (4), 432-443.
4.        Mr. Manoj Kumar Sahoo, 2013. “Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Approach”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.3 (4), 2154-2156.
5.        Dr.S.S.Chaudhari, S.S. Khedkar and N.B. Borkar. “Optimization of process parameters using Taguchi approach with minimum quantity lubrication for turning”, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.1 (4), 1268-1273.
6.        Kanase Tanaji. S and Jadhav D. B, 2013. “Enhancement of Surface Finish for CNC Turning Cutting Parameters by Using Taguchi Method”, Indian Journal Of Research, Vol.3 (5), 88-91.
7.        Ajay Mishra and Dr. Anshul Gangele, 2012. “Application of Taguchi Method in Optimization of Tool Flank Wear Width in Turning Operation of AISI 1045 Steel”, Industrial Engineering Letters, Vol. 2(8), 11-18.
8.        Harsimran Singh Sodhi and Harjot Singh, 2013. “Parametric Analysis of Copper for Cutting Processes Using Turning Operations Based on Taguchi Method”, International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 3(2), 202-204.
9.        Prof. Atul dhale and Fahim khan, 2013. “Optimization by Taguchi method and In process Monitoring of Cutting Parameters using Acoustic Emission for EN8”, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, Vol.2 (11), 465-471.
10.     H. K. Dave, L. S. Patel and H. K. Raval, 2012. “Effect of machining conditions on MRR and surface roughness during CNC Turning of different Materials Using TiN Coated Cutting Tools – A Taguchi approach”, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations,Vol.-3, 925–930.
11.     M. Adinarayana, G. Prasanthi and G. Krishnaiah, 2014. “Parametric Analysis and Multi Objective Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning Operation of AISI 4340 Alloy Steel with CVD Cutting Tool”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol.-03(02), 449-456.
12.     E.Daniel Kirbya, 2006. “Parameter Design Study In A Turning Operation Using The Taguchi Method”, The Technology Interface, 1-14.
13.     Kamal Hassana, Anish Kumar and M.P.Garg, 2012. “Experimental investigation of Material removal rate in CNC turning using Taguchi method”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Vol.2 (2), 1581-1590.
14.     Vladimir Aleksandrovich Rogov and Ghorbani Siamak, 2013. “Optimization of Surface Roughness and Vibration in Turning of Aluminum Alloy AA2024 Using Taguchi Technique” International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial Science and Engineering, Vol.-7(11), 1-10.
15.     Ali Riza Motorcu, 2010. “The Optimization of Machining Parameters Using the Taguchi Method for Surface Roughness of AISI 8660 Hardened Alloy Steel”, Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.-56(6), 391-401.
16.     D. Philip Selvaraj and P. Chandramohan, 2010. “Optimization of Surface Roughness of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Dry Turning Operation Using Taguchi Design Method”, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol.-5(3), 293 – 301.
17.     M.S.Phadke, 2012, “Quality engineering using robust design”, Pearson education, South Asia.
18.     G.Taguchi, S.Chowdhury and Y.Wu, 2005, “Taguchi’s Quality Engineering Handbook”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
19.     P.J.Ross, 2005, “Taguchi technique for quality engineering”, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.

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31.

Authors:

M. Bharath Reddy, M. Sai Sarath Kumar, B. Suresh Kumar

Paper Title:

Data Aware Dynamic Low Power Reconfigurable FIR Filter Design

Abstract:   This  paper  aims for developing  a new architecture for finite impulse response (FIR) filter, which will reduce dynamic power consumption based on the concept of dynamic  filter order change. The dynamic  changing of the filter order  is based on the fact  that  FIR  filter  has  large  amplitude variations in  both  the input  sequence  and  impulse  response (filter  coefficients). Trade off between filter performance and dynamic power consumption presented in this  paper  suggests  that  a significant  reduction in the dynamic power can be achieved without much compromise  in the filter performance. The required area  overhead  is also much less when  compared   to  the  conventional  approach. The  power savings  of up  to 25 to 35%  can  be achieved  with  the  modified FIR  filter architecture presented in this paper.

Keywords:    FIR filter, IIR filter, Convolution, Reconfigurability...

References:
1.        Seok-Jae Jee ,Li-Woong Choi, Seon    Wook  Kim, and Jongsun park,”Reconfigurable FIR  Filter Architecture To Trade Off  Filter Performance For Dynamic Power Consumption,” IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Intergr. Syst.,vol.19,  NO.  12,  pp.2221-2228, Dec.2011.
2.        JohnG.Proakis,DimitrisG.Manolakis,”Digital  Signal Processing: Principles, Alogrithms, and Applica- tions, 4thedition, published by Pearson Educa- tion,Inc.,”
3.        Z. Yu, M.-L. Yu, K. Azadet, and A. N. Wilson, Jr, “A low power FIR filter design technique using dynamic reduced signal representation,” in Proc. Int. Symp. VLSI Tech., Syst., Appl.,2001,pp.113–116.
4.        S.  Hwang,  G.  Han,  S.  Kang,  and  J.  Kim, “New distributed arithmetic algorithm for low-power FIR filter implementation,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 463–466, May2004.
5.        K.-H. Chen and T.-D. Chiueh, “A low-power digit- based reconfig- urable FIR filter,” IEEE Trans. Circiuts Syst.  II,  Exp. Briefs ,  vol.  53,  no.  8,pp.617-621,Dec.2006.
6.        Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer,”Digital Signal Processing,”l’1975 by    Prentice- Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., U.S.A.

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32.

Authors:

Mandar R. Nalavade, Mangesh J. Bhagat, Vinay V. Patil

Paper Title:

Balancing Double Inverted Pendulum on A cart by Linearization Technique

Abstract:    Double Inverted Pendulum on a cart (DIPC) is a classic problem in dynamics and control theory and is widely used in control laboratories to demonstrate the effectiveness of control systems as well as a benchmark for testing control algorithms.  It is suitable to investigate and verify different control methods for dynamic systems with higher order nonlinearities. A controller is proposed to swing a double inverted pendulum to an unstable upright inverted position and stabilize around the point by using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique. Linearization form of nonlinear system is obtained by Jacobian with proper cost function and the modeling of it is accomplished with the help of Euler – Lagrangian equation derived by specifying Lagrangian, difference between kinetic and potential energy of DIPC. Simulation results are retrieved by MATLAB.

Keywords:     Double Inverted Pendulum on a Cart, Jacobian, Lagrangian, LQR....

References:
1.     Alexander Bogdanov, “Optimal Control of a Double Inverted Pendulum on a Cart” Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering, OGI School of Science & Engineering, OHSU Report CSE-04-006, Dec. 2004.
2.     Jan Vascak, “Fuzzy Control of a Physical Double Inverted Pendulum Model”. Technical University in Kosice, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Cybernetics and AI, computer Intelligence Group, Letna 9, 041 20 Kosice, Slovakia.
3.     J. Yi,N. Yubazaki, “Stabilization fuzzy control of inverted pendulum systems”   Technology Research Center, Mycom, Inc. 12, Kyoto 616-8303, Japan4.     Taylor Wallis Barton, “Stabilization the Dual Inverted Pendulum: A practical Approach”, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Feb 2008.
5.     Kirsten Morris, Carmeliza Navasca,  “Solution Of Algebraic Riccati Equations Arising In Control Of Partial Differential Equations”, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CANADA N2L 3G1.
6.     Z. Kalateh Bojdi, S. Ahmadi-Asl, A. Aminataei  “The Genral Shifted Jacobi Matrix Method for Solving the General High Order Linear Differential – Differencce Equations with Variable Coefficients.” Department of Mathematics, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
7.     Sandeep Kumar Yadav, Sachin Sharma, Mr. Narinder Singh, “Optimal Control of Double Inverted Pendulum Using LQR Controller” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. Volume 2, Issue 2, Feb. 2012.
8.     http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~robwood/teaching/301/Stull_Coriolis.pdf

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