Evaluation of Antioxidant, Total Phenols and Flavonoids Content and Antimicrobial Actvities of Artocarpus Altilis (Breadfruit) of Underutilized Tropical Fruit Extracts
Tara Kamal Jalal¹, Samsul Draman², Muhammad Lokman Md Isa³, Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad⁴, Muhammad nor Omar⁵, Muhammad Ibrahim⁶, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab^7
1Tara Kamal Jalal, Department of Biomedical science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Integrated Center for Research and Animal Care and Use (ICRACU).
²Samsul Draman, Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalaln Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
³Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Department f Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah f Nursing, Integrated Center for Research and Animal Care and Use (ICRACU).
⁴Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad, Department of Biomedical science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Integrated Center for Research and Animal Care and Use (ICRACU).
⁵Muhammad nor Omar, Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, Integrated Center for Research and Animal Care and Use (ICRACU).
⁶Muhammad Ibrahim, Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Integrated Center for Research and Animal Care and Use (ICRACU).
⁷Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Department of Biomedical science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Integrated Center for Research and Animal Care and Use (ICRACU).
Manuscript received on 20 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 30 November 2014 | Manuscript published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 77-84 | Volume-3 Issue-5, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1267113514/2014©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) pulp, peel and whole fruit were extracted with various solvents such as hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol. The antioxidant activity of these extracts were examined using the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test IC50 ranged from 55±5.89 to 4851±111.00 µg/ml. In the β-carotene bleaching assay the antioxidant activity was 90.02±1.51% for the positive control (Trolox) and 88.34±1.31% for the pulp part of the fruit methanol extract. The total phenolic content of the crude extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, methanol pulp part demonstrated the highest phenol content value of 6570.74±511.14 mg GAE/ g of dry sample. While the total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay highest value of 5600.34±1000.91 mg QE/ g indicated by pulp part of the fruit methanol extract. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested using disc diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. cereus, S. typhimurium, E. coli, K. pneumonia and C. albicans. Methanol extract of pulp part was recorded to have the highest zone of inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC and MBC/MFC for the extracts were also determined using the microdilution method ranged from 4000-63 µg/ml against pathogenic microbes. The MBC/MFC values varied from 250 to 4000 µg/ml. A correlation between antioxidant activity assays, antimicrobial activity and phenolic content was established. The results shows that the various parts of A. altilis fruit extracts promising antioxidant activities have a potential bioactivities due to high content of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Artocarpus altilis, Antioxidants, DPPH, Antimicrobial, MIC and MBC/MFC
Scope of the Article: Low-power design