Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 – International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) https://www.ijrte.org Exploring Innovation | ISSN:2277-3878(Online) | A Periodical Journal | Reg. No.: C/819981 | Published By BEIESP Sun, 30 Nov 2025 04:30:30 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://www.ijrte.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cropped-IJRTE-Logo-WS-32x32.png Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 – International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) https://www.ijrte.org 32 32 D830814041125 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d830814041125/ Tue, 04 Nov 2025 05:03:34 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=49985 The post D830814041125 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Early Detection of Breast Tumour Using QuasiStatic Microwave Imaging with Two Elements Tapered Slot Vivaldi MIMO Antenna
Sharmeen Sultana1, Neela Chattoraj2

1Sharmeen Sultana, Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi (Jharkhand), India.

2Neela Chattoraj, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi (Jharkhand), India.     

Manuscript received on 04 October 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 20 October 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 04 November 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 November 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 November 2025 | PP: 33-37 | Volume-14 Issue-4, November 2025 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.D830814041125 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.D8308.14041125

Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Zenodo | OJS | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A quad-static microwave imaging system designed for medical use, with an emphasis on early-stage breast tumour detection, is presented in this paper. A compact two-element MIMO Vivaldi antenna, designed for practical microwave imaging, is used in the proposed system. The antenna is appropriate for radar-based diagnostic systems due to its end-fire radiation characteristic. With a maximum gain of 16.98 dBi at 2.75 GHz, it operates across a broad frequency range from 2 GHz to 14.8 GHz. Additionally, it satisfies the FCC (USA) limit for localized SAR, which is 1.6 W/kg averaged over 1 gram of tissue. With overall dimensions of 49 × 85 × 0.8 mm³, the antenna is designed and simulated on an affordable FR4 substrate that offers both structural compactness and a wide bandwidth. For validation, HFSS was used to create and simulate a breast phantom model that replicated the dielectric characteristics of human tissue. When the transmission coefficient (S21 and S41 parameters) is used to analyse the system, it is shown that tumours as small as 4 mm in diameter can be detected. The findings support the suggested antenna and imaging system’s ability to accurately detect small breast tumours, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.

Keywords: Microwave Imaging, Vivaldi Antenna, Breast Tumour Detection, SAR Analysis, Ultrawideband (UWB).
Scope of the Article: Recent Engineering & Technology

Download PDF

The post D830814041125 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0823092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0823092413/ Thu, 10 Nov 2022 03:58:25 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33576 The post D0823092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Urban Bus Arrival Time Prediction: A Review of Computational Models
Mehmet Altinkaya1, Metin Zontul2
1Mehmet Altinkaya, Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2Dr. Metin Zontul, Asst. Prof., Department of Software Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 164-169 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0823092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Traffic flow in major urban roads is affected by several factors. It is often interrupted by stochastic conditions, such as traffic lights, road conditions, number of vehicles on the road, time of travel, weather conditions, driving style of vehicles. The provision of timely and accurate travel time information of transit vehicles is valuable for both operators and passengers, especially when dispatching is based on estimation of potential passengers waiting along the route rather than the predefined time schedule. Operators manage their dispatches in real time, and passengers can form travel preferences dynamically. Arrival time estimation for time scheduled public transport busses have been studied by many researchers using various paradigms. However, dynamic prediction on some type of transit vehicles, which do not follow any dispatch time schedule, or stop station constrains introduces extra complexities. In this paper, a survey on the recent studies using historical data, statistical methods, Kalman Filters and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been applied to GPS data collected from transit vehicles, are collected with an emphasis on their model and architecture.
Keywords: Bus Travel Time Prediction, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Advanced Traveller Transportation Systems (AITS), Kalman Filtering, Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).
Scope of the Article: Machine Learning

Download PDF

The post D0823092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0820092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0820092413/ Thu, 10 Nov 2022 03:55:10 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33574 The post D0820092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Isolated DC-DC UPS Based in a Fly back Converter Analysis and Design
Raju U. Bhabhor1, Jitendrakumar Amrutlal Jadav2, Rinal K. Ahir3
1Prof. Raju Bhabhor, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Government Engineering college, Valsad (Gujarat), India.
2Jitendrakumar A. Jadav, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Government Engineering college, Valsad (Gujarat), India.
3Rinal K. Ahir, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Government Engineering college, Valsad (Gujarat), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 160-163 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0820092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents the analysis, design and simulation from a simple DC-UPS converter with integrated back-up and automatic transition. This converter makes automatic transition between the main AC and the battery when a failure occurs, and it delivers uninterrupted DC power to the load through two independent power sources of commercial input power and battery power. The converter has the following characteristics: automatic transition between the main and the battery, no additional control to detect failure in the main, single structure, galvanic isolation, multi output voltages capability and only one switch control for two operation modes normal and back-up. The analysis, design, simulation and experimental results for this converter are presented
Keywords: Automatic Transition, Battery Charger, DC-DC Converter.
Scope of the Article: Predictive Analysis

Download PDF

The post D0820092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0818092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0818092413/ Thu, 10 Nov 2022 03:22:36 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33572 The post D0818092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Flexural Fatigue Studies for SFRC under Compound Loading for Different Stress Ranges
Hanumantharayagouda1, Amaresh.S. Patil2
1Hanumantharayagouda, Student, Department of Civil Engineering, P.D.A. College of Engineering, Gulbarga (Karnataka) India.
2Amaresh.S. Patil, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, P.D.A. College of Engineering, Gulbarga (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 155-159 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0818092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents a study on fatigue behavior of non-fibrous concrete and SFRC subjected to repeated loading. It is aimed to study the behavior of Non fibrous concrete and SFRC under constant amplitude and compound amplitude loading. A total number of 140 prism specimens of size 75x100x500 mm were tested under flexural fatigue loading using havier sine wave loading in order to obtain the fatigue lives of Non fibrous concrete and SFRC at different stress levels. About 10 prism specimens are subjected to static flexural test to determine the static flexural strength of Non fibrous concrete and SFRC prior to fatigue testing. The specimens incorporated 1% volume fraction of crimped steel fibers of size 0.55mmɸ X30 mm. About 30 prism specimens were tested under constant amplitude fatigue loading. Fatigue life data obtained has been analyzed in attempt to determine the relationship among stress level and number of cycles of failure. About 110 prism specimen was tested under compound fatigue loading in order to check the validity of miner’s hypothesis.
Keywords: Fatigue; Compound Loading; Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC); Flexural Strength.
Scope of the Article: Radio Over Fiber

Download PDF

The post D0818092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0814092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0814092413/ Thu, 10 Nov 2022 03:17:47 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33570 The post D0814092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Improved Adaptive Block Truncation Coding for Image Compression in LCD Overdrive
Poonam A. Arbat1, P.D. Gawande2
1Poonam A. Arbat, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sipna C.O.E.T, Amravati (Maharashtra), India.
2Prof. P.D. Gawande, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sipna C.O.E.T, Amravati (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 152-154 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0814092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Block truncation coding (BTC) technique has attracted much attention during the last few years as a simple source coding method to achieve good quality image reproduction by preserving the first two statistical moments of an image: the mean and the variance. It significantly reduces the amount of computation required by the traditional coding methods, such as transform. In this paper, we have proposed a method called the Improved Adaptive Block Truncation Coding (IABTC) based on Adaptive Block Truncation Coding (ABTC).And we are implemented it on LCD overdrive for image compression. The feature of inter-pixel redundancy is exploited to reduce the bit-rate further by retaining the quality of the reconstructed images. The proposed method outperforms the existing BTC based methods both in terms of bit-rate and PSNR values.
Keywords: Compression, BPP, Bit Plane, PSNR
Scope of the Article: Image analysis and Processing

Download PDF

The post D0814092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0792092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0792092413/ Thu, 10 Nov 2022 03:12:51 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33567 The post D0792092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Ultrasound Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Study of Some Transition Metal Complexes of Β – Diketone Ligand
Nanda S. Korde1, Suresh T. Gaikwad2, Seema S. Korde3, Anjali S. Rajbhoj4
1Nanda S. Korde, Dayanand Science College, Latur (M.S), India.
2Suresh T. Gaikwad, Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad (M.S), India.
3Seema S. Korde, Azad College, Ausa Latur, (M.S), India.
4Anjali S. Rajbhoj, Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, (M.S), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 147-151 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0792092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Complexes of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(III), Cu(II) and Cr(III) with cyclic β-diketone ligand were synthesized by ultrasound irradiation and characterized by elemental analysis, conductometry, magnetic susceptibility, UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, X-ray diffraction analysis of powdered samples thermal analysis, and screened for antimicrobial activity. The IR spectral data suggested that the ligand behaves as a bidentate ligand towards the central metal ion with an O-O,O-O donor atoms sequence. From the microanalytical data, the stoichiometry of the complexes 1:2 (metal : ligand) was found. The physico-chemical data suggested octahedral geometry for all these complexes. The thermal behavior (TGA/DTA) of the complexes were studied and kinetic parameters were determined by Horowitz- Metzer method. The powder X-ray diffraction data suggested a monoclinic crystal system for the Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes. The ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli and fungicidal activity against A. niger and F. oxysporum.
Keywords: Cyclic β-Diketone; Baker-Venkatraman Transformation; Transition Metal Complexes; Ultrasoun Irradiation; XRD; Thermal Analysis; Antimicrobial Activity
Scope of the Article: Automated Software Design and Synthesis

Download PDF

The post D0792092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0819092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0819092413/ Wed, 09 Nov 2022 12:20:51 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33565 The post D0819092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Creating Real-Time operation System Based on xPC Target Kernel
Abdullah A. Mohamed1, Dia M. Ali2
1Abdullah A. Mohamed, Department of Communications, Mosul University, College of Electronics Engineering, Mosul, Iraq.
2Dia M. Ali, Department of Communications, Mosul University, College of Electronics Engineering, Mosul, Iraq.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 143-146 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0819092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Real-Time system is the base for many applications today. Whatever the designed system is a high accuracy and flexibly, it still not efficient unless be a real-time with the overall system. In this paper a real-time Operation System (OS) is created based on xPC Target Kernel. xPC gives the ability to convert a designed model to a real-time OS. Two models are built, Target-Host transmission using UDP and Spectrum Analyzer, and implemented separately on the created OS. The first model to test the ability of the created OS when dealing with network systems, the second to test the ability of dealing with High Speed Systems and Analyzing units. There result shows that the created OS is very efficient and give short average Task Execution Time (TET) equal to (0.636 micro sec) for the first model and (0.3117 micro sec) for the second model and it shows that it can easily communicate with other systems.
Keywords: Personal Computer (PC), Task Execution Time (TET), Snapshot from Simulink Matlab R2010 (SSMR10).
Scope of the Article: Personal and Wearable Networks

Download PDF

The post D0819092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0815092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0815092413/ Wed, 09 Nov 2022 12:15:59 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33562 The post D0815092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Biometric Identification on the Basis of BPNN Classifier with Other Novel Techniques Used for Gait Analysis
Ira Gaba1, Paramjit Kaur2
1Ira Gaba, Department of Computer Science, Indo Global Group of Colleges, Abhipur (Punjab), India.
2Asst. Prof. Paramjit Kaur, Department of Computer Science, IGEF. (Punjab), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 137-142 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0815092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Gait is the manner of the limb movement or the manner of moving a foot of an individual and recognition of an individual is the task to identify a people. Gait recognition is the biometric process by which an individual can be identify by manner they walk. The advantage of gait over other biometric traits such as face ,iris ,and fingerprint etc is that it is non-invasive and less unobtrusive biometric, which offers to identify people at the distance, without any interaction from the subject or at low resolution. In this paper, firstly the input video is converted into frame then, binary silhouette of a walking person is detected from each frame. Secondly, feature from each frame is extracted using image processing operation. Here distance between head and feet, distance between both hands, length of one hand, length of leg etc using hanavan’s model are taking as key feature. And then CBIR method is also used. At last BPNN+MDA and BPNN+LDA techniques are used for training and testing purpose. Here all experiments are done on gait database and input video. Therefore, by using the combination of BPNN with LDA and MDA, in this paper, it obtains the better accuracy results.
Keywords: BPNN, CBIR, Feature Extraction, Gait Recognition, LDA, MDA, PCA, Silhouette Extraction.
Scope of the Article: Biomedical Computing

Download PDF

The post D0815092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0813092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0813092413/ Wed, 09 Nov 2022 12:09:45 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33560 The post D0813092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

Dynamic Characteristics of a Squeeze Film Damper Lubricated with Electro – Rheological Fluid in Terms of Reynolds Number
B. Rajneesh Kumar1, S. Ranganatha2
1Prof. B. Rajneesh Kumar, Department of Mechanical Engg., BMS Evening College of Engineering, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
2Dr. S. Ranganatha, Department of Mechanical Engg., University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 132-136 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0813092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Smart fluid technology is an emerging field of research that leads to the introduction of Electro-rheological (ER) fluids. ER fluids are such smart materials whose rheological properties (viscosity, yield stress, shear modulus etc.) can be readily controlled upon external electric field. The use of ER fluids introduces a new philosophy on the fact that the stiffness and damping can be changed by applying high electric field and thus minimizing the vibration of the structure during normal operation. In the rotor vibration control of high speed engines squeeze film dampers are currently used. The dynamic characteristics (stiffness and damping) of a squeeze film damper lubricated with electro-rheological fluids are important in many practical engineering applications are studied for high accuracy and efficiency. The Reynolds equation of hydro-dynamic lubrication is normally used to determine the dynamic characteristics in the analysis of rotor dynamic system with squeeze film damper, which neglect the inertia effects. At high speeds both inertia and visco-elasticity introduce phase shifting effects into the fluid motion. As a result, prediction derived from Reynolds equation can be significantly in error. Here an improved expression is developed for the dynamic characteristic in terms of Reynolds’s number for a particular electro-rheological fluid. Bingham model has been used to describe the behavior of the electro-rheological fluids. The result leads to improvements and explain why it is significant to include fluid inertia forces which have large effects on dynamic characteristics.
Keywords: Dynamic Characteristics, Squeeze Film Damper, Electro Rheological Fluid, Reynolds Number.
Scope of the Article: Foundations Dynamics

Download PDF

The post D0813092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]> D0811092413 https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/d0811092413/ Wed, 09 Nov 2022 12:04:50 +0000 https://www.ijrte.org/?post_type=portfolio&p=33557 The post D0811092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>

IP- Apriori: Improved Pruning in Apriori for Association Rule Mining
Prince Verma1, Dinesh Kumar2
1PG Scholar Mr. Prince Verma, M. Tech Student, Department of Computer Science, Punjab Technical University, DAV Institute of Engg. & Tech., Jalandhar (Panjab), India.
2Mr. Dinesh Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology, DAV Institute of Engg. & Tech., Jalandhar (Panjab), India.
Manuscript received on 21 September 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 September 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 September 2013 | PP: 125-131 | Volume-2 Issue-4, September 2013 | Retrieval Number: D0811092413/2013©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Association rule mining which is of great importance and use is one of a vital technique for data mining. Main among the association rule mining techniques have been Apriori and many more approaches have been introduced with minute changes to Apriori but their basic concept remains the same i.e use of support and confidence threshold(s). According to best of our knowledge we came to know that no work has been done in the field of improving the pruning step of Apriori. This paper introduces a new algorithm IP-APRIORI i.e. ‘Improved Pruning in Apriori’. This algorithm improves the pruning procedure of Apriori algorithm by using average support (supavg) instead of minimum support (supmin), to generate probabilistic item-set instead of large item-set.
Keywords: Data Mining, KDD Process, Association Rule Mining, Pruning.
Scope of the Article: Data Mining

Download PDF

The post D0811092413 appeared first on International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).

]]>