Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013, – International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

B0591052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:33:28 +0000

Removal of High Density Salt and Pepper Noise in Videos through MDBUTMF
V. Pranava Jyothy¹, K. Padmavathi²
¹V Pranava Jyothy, M.Tech VLSI system Design, Indur Institute of Engineering and Technology, Siddipet (Andhra Pradesh), India.
²K. Padmavathi, Assoc Prof., Department of Engineering and Technology, Siddipet (Andhra Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 229-234 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0591052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: A modified decision based unsymmetrical trimmed median filter (MDBUTM) algorithm for the restoration of gray scale, and color video’s that are highly corrupted by salt and pepper noise is proposed in this paper. In the Transmission of Videos over channel, Video frames are corrupted by salt and pepper noise (Impulse Noise), due to faulty communication systems. The objective of this paper is to implement a better filtering technique that makes the noisy video frames to noise free video frames. The proposed algorithm replaces the noisy pixel by trimmed median value when 0’s and 255’s are present in the selected window and when all the pixel values are 0’s and 255’s then the noise pixel is replaced by mean value of all the elements present in the selected window. This proposed algorithm shows better results than the Standard Median Filter (MF), Decision Based Algorithm (DBA), Modified Decision Based Algorithm (MDBA), and Progressive Switched Median Filter (PSMF). The proposed algorithm is tested against different gray scale and color video frames and it gives better Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Image Enhancement Factor (IEF).
Keywords: Median Filter, Salt And Pepper Noise, Unsymmet Rical Trimmed Median Filter.
Scope of the Article: High Performance Concrete

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B0624052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:26:46 +0000

Cognitive Amplifier: A New Approach for Cable Television
Naveen Kumar Malik
Naveen Kumar Malik, Research Scholar, UIET, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 225-228 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0624052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: Intelligent, Cognitive and Conscious Machines are considered as the future of design in system engineering. These are used in every field of engineering. In this concept paper, a new idea of cognitive amplifier is introduced. Its application in cable television is discussed. The steps of cognitive cycle are discussed. The pictorial diagram of traditional amplifier and cognitive amplifier with its responses is shown to explain the concept. The gain control capability of cognitive amplifier for signal transmission system is shown pictorially. This concept provides flat response for the good quality picture and sound response at all channels.
Keywords: Amplifier, Cognitive Amplifier.
Scope of the Article: Cognitive Radio Networks

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B0622052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:23:26 +0000

Router Design using Cadence Encounter
P. Kaveri¹, G. R. K. Prasad², Fazal Noorbasha³
¹P. Kaveri, VLSI Systems Research Group Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K.L University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
²G.R.K. Prasad, Asst. Professor, VLSI Systems Research Group, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K.L University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
³Fazal Noorbasha, Assoc. Professor, VLSI Systems Research Group, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K.L University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 220-224 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0622052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: As the technology is going on increasing rapidly the electronic component units are also increasing. The initial innovation for the technology growth is the internet communications and also the rapid growth in the chip density slashed the power limits. As there is no advancement in the power storage devices like batteries .so there is a need for the low power design. In all of this innovations router plays a major role in diverting the information from one to many channels , now a days it became the essential thing The concept of reconfigurable router to contribute to the creation of the next-generation energy-efficient Internet infrastructure. Through enhancement of the router architectural design, it is expected to reduce average power consumption during network operation. Depending on the traffic there is feasibility for adjusting the frequency. This project has been done in the cadence 90nm technology. System verilog for verification has been done using Synopsys tools
Keywords: Low Power, Routing, Power Or Phrases In Alphabetical Order, Separated By Commas.
Scope of the Article: Routing and Transport Protocols

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B0657052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:18:08 +0000

Overview of Existing Solutions for Fault Ride through Capability Improvement of DFIG used in Wind Turbines
Nadiya G. Mohammed
Nadiya G. Mohammed, M. Tech. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, College of Engineering, Pune (M.H), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 217-219 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0657052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: The growing of wind generation gives arise for new challenges for its integration to the network tripping of large amount of wind power will lead to serious consequence to the grid . in this paper DFIG performance used in wind turbine during voltage dip due to fault. Wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) can regulate easily the reactive power generated in steady state. However, challenges appear when reactive power has to be generated during voltage dips. A survey of the problems associated with voltage dips and solutions for Ride Through operation of this type of system are given. an overview of different alternatives for Low Voltage Ride Through are presented in this paper.
Keywords: Doubly-Fed Induction Generator, Low Voltage Ride Trough, Voltage Dip.
Scope of the Article: Smart Solutions – Wearable Sensors and Smart Glasses

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B0656052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:13:46 +0000

Improvement Fault-ride Through of DFIG Based Wind Turbines by using a Series Compensation Technology with Emphasis Put on the Mitigation of Voltage Dips
Mustafa Jawad Kadhim¹, D. S. Chavan²
¹Mustafa Jawadkadhim, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
²Prof. D.S. Chavan, Associate Professor, Department of Programmed Management, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College Of Engineering Pune (M.H), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 212-216 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0656052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: Low Voltage Ride Through is an important feature for wind turbine systems to fulfill grid code requirements. In case of wind turbine technologies using doubly fed induction generators the reaction to grid voltage disturbances is sensible. Hardware or software protection must be implemented to protect the converter from tripping during severe grid voltage faults. In this paper the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) solution for LVRT of DFIG wind turbines is investigated by simulation results using a detailed converter model considering the switching and appropriate 2 MW wind turbine system parameter. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method the results are compared to a conventional fault ride through of the DFIG using a crowbar circuit. Measurement results on a 22 kW laboratory DFIG test bench show the effectiveness of the proposed control technique.
Keywords: Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Fault Ride-Through And Wind Energy
Scope of the Article: Nano Technology

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B0650052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:06:14 +0000

Analysis of Self Excited Induction Generator Driven By Wind Turbine System Using Current Source Inverter Technology
Haval Sardar Kamil
Haval Sardar Kamil, Department of Electrical Engineering, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 208-211 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0650052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: This paper describes the simulation model and the harmonics analysis of Current Source Inverters fed RL load. The SEIG fed PWM Current Source Inverter for variable speed wind energy conversion systems are considered for various stand-alone applications. In this paper, the SEIG fed IGBT PWM Inverter for RL load system are clearly explained with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK models. The generated voltage of wind driven self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is mainly depending on the wind velocity fluctuations, suitable capacitance magnitude and load conditions. The PWM Inverter has interface with the wind driven self-excited induction generator. The main objective of this paper is to extract maximum power from the generator to the grid connected wind energy conversion system. The variable magnitude, variable frequency voltage of the generator can be controlled by choosing the proper modulation index. The simulation analysis of the proposed inverter will be discussed and the total harmonic distortion will be evaluated.
Keywords: Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG), Current Source Inverter, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Wind Turbine, Wind Energy Conversion Application (WECS), Isolated Load.
Scope of the Article: Predictive Analysis

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B0642052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 07:01:09 +0000

Satellite Image Classification using Fuzzy Logic
Vini Malik¹, Aakanksha Gautam², Aditi Sahai³, Ambika Jha⁴, AnkitaRamvir Singh⁵
¹Vini Malik, Department of Electronics and Communication, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh), India.
²Aakanksha Gautam, Department of Electronics and Communication, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh), India.
³Aditi Sahai, Department of Electronics and Communication, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh), India.
⁴Ambika jha, Department of Electronics and Communication, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh), India.
⁵Ankita Ramveer Singh, Department of Electronics and Communication, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 204-207 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0642052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: The intent of the classification process is to categorize all pixels in a digital image into one of several land cover classes, or “themes”. In this paper, fuzzy inference system is developed for classifying the satellite image of (472x546x7 pixel).The input image from the satellite was in form of 7 bands which were then reduced to 3 bands.
Keywords: Classification, Fuzzy Logic, If-Then Rules, Land Cover, Remote Sensing
Scope of the Article: Classification

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B0635052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 06:55:05 +0000

Performance Improvement by Classification Approach for Fingerprint Identification System
Meghna B. Patel¹, Ashok R. Patel²
¹Asst. Prof. Meghna B. Patel, Department of MCA , U. V. Patel College of Engineering, Ganpat University, Kherva (Gujarat), India.
²Dr. Ashok R. Patel, Department of Computer Application and Information Technology, HNGU, Patan (Gujarat), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 200-203 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0635052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: In the world of Information Technology, Information Security is an important factor. For Information Security, authentication plays a vital role. And for Secure Authentication now a days biometric based authentication (‘who you are’, e.g. Fingerprint) replace the Knowledge Based (‘what you know’, e.g. Password) and Object Based Authentication (‘what you have’, e.g. Token). Biometric authentication is the method which identifies or verifies the person based on his/her physiological or behavioral characteristics. The fingerprint is most widely used in biometric world. In Fingerprint Authentication different three levels (The Global or Galton level, The Local Level, The Very Fine Level) of Feature extraction techniques are used at the time of Fingerprint Identification and Verification. In Global or Galton Level identify the flow of ridges and valleys and also extract delta and core point features which classify the fingerprint in different pattern group like arch, tented arch, whorl, left loop and right loop. In tradition biometric recognition approach, the fingerprint template is match with all the template of the database. So, it will take long time for the individual’s authentication. In this paper present an approach which speed up the matching process by classifying the fingerprint template database on various fingerprint pattern group. So, instead of matching process done on whole database it will be done on specific fingerprint pattern group and reduce the no. of matches and improve the performance 3 time faster than the traditional approach.
Keywords: Biometrics, Classification, Identification, Verification, Minutiae points, Singular Points.
Scope of the Article: Classification

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B0630052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 06:49:47 +0000

Analysis of Residual Stresses and Distortions in Girth-Welded Carbon Steel Pipe
Prabhat Kumar Sinha¹, Raisul Islam², Chandan Prasad³, Mohd. Kaleem⁴
¹Prabhat Kumar Sinha, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P), India.
²Raisul Islam, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P), India.
³Chandan Prasad, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P), India.
⁴Mohd. Kaleem, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P),, India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 192-199 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0630052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: This article, the weld joint suffers various types of weld-induced residual stress fields (hoop and axial) and deformation patterns (axial shrinkage, radial shrinkage). In this paper Three-dimensional finite element modeling of residual stresses in a girth-welded carbon steel pipe is presented with an emphasis on modeling procedures for the global residual stress characteristics. To precisely capture the distortions and residual stresses, computational methodology based on three-dimensional finite element model for the simulation of gas tungsten arc welding in thin-walled pipe is presented. Butt-weld geometry with single “V” for a 300 mm outer diameter cylinder of 3 mm thick is used. The complex phenomenon of arc welding is numerically solved by sequentially coupled transient, nonlinear thermo-mechanical analysis. The accuracy of both the thermal and structural models is validated through experiments for temperature distribution, residual stresses and distortion. The simulated result shows close correlation with the experimental measurements.
Keywords: FEM; Welding Simulations; Distortions; Residual Stresses; Girth Weld.
Scope of the Article: Predictive Analysis

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B0616052213

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 11 Nov 2022 06:40:12 +0000

Power Quality Improvement by Suppression of Current Harmonics using Hysteresis Controller Technique
M. Aziz¹, Vinod Kumar², Aasha Chauhan³, Bharti Thakur⁴
¹Prof. Aziz Ahmed, Department of EEE, AFSET, Faridabad (Utar Prdesh), India.
²Vinod Kumar, Department of EEE, AFSET, Faridabad (Utar Prdesh), India.
³Aasha Chauhan, Department of EEE, Lingaya’s University, Faridabad (Utar Prdesh), India.
⁴Bharti Thakur, Department of EEE, Lingayat’s University, Faridabad (Utar Prdesh), India.
Manuscript received on 21 May 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 May 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 May 2013 | PP: 186-191 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0616052213/2013©BEIESP
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Abstract: Recently wide spread of power electronic equipment has caused an increase of the harmonic disturbances in the power systems. The nonlinear loads draw harmonic and reactive power components of current from ac mains. Current harmonics generated by nonlinear loads such as adjustable speed drives, static power supplies and UPS. Thus a perfect compensator is required to avoid the consequences due to harmonics. To overcome problems due to harmonics Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) has been considered extensively. SAPF has better harmonic compensation than the other approaches used for solving the harmonic related problems. The performance of the SAPF depends upon different control strategies. This paper presents the performance analysis of SAPF under most important control strategy namely instantaneous real active and reactive power method (p-q) for extracting reference currents of shunt active filters under unbalanced load condition. Detailed simulations have been carried out considering this control strategy and adequate results were presented. These simulation results validate the significance of instantaneous real active and reactive power (p-q) control strategy in achieving an effective harmonic compensation under unbalanced load conditions. In this paper, harmonic control strategy is applied to compensate the current harmonics in the system. A detailed study about the harmonic control method has been used using shunt active filter technique.
Keywords: Hysteresis Current Control, Instantaneous Power (p–q) Theory, PI Controller, Shunt Active Power Filter.
Scope of the Article: Computational Techniques in Civil Engineering

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