Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 – International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

A0507032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 07:05:45 +0000

Low Power 4-2 Compressor for Arithmetic Circuits
Riya Garg¹, Suman Nehra², B. P. Singh³
¹Ms. Riya Garg, Department of Electronics and communication, FET-MITS (Deemed University), Lakshmangarh (Rajasthan), India.
²Mrs. Suman Nehra, Drpartment of Electronics and communication, MITS (Deemed University), Lakshmangarh (Rajasthan), India.
³Prof. B. P. Singh, Department of Electronics and communication, FET-MITS (Deemed University), Lakshmangarh (Rajasthan), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 204-207 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0507032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Most of the VLSI circuits used adders as a crucial portion, since they form the base element of all arithmetic functions. Increasing demand for portable equipments requires area and power efficient VLSI circuits. This paper presents 4-2 compressor using two different 8T full adder designs. The aim of this paper is to reduce the power consumption of 4-2 compressor without compromising the speed and performance. All pre-layout and post-layout simulations have been performed at 45nm technology on Tanner EDA tool version 12.6 and compared in terms of power consumption, power-delay product (PDP) over various input voltages, temperatures and frequencies
Keywords: 2T (2 transistors), 3T, 8T and PDP
Scope of the Article: Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits

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A0509032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 07:01:52 +0000

A Survey on Different Security Techniques of Mobile Code
Manoj Kumar Meena¹, Shweta Meena²
¹Prof. Manoj Kumar Meena, Department of IT, IITM, Gwalior, (M.P.),India.
²Prof. Shweta Meena, Department of CSE, ITM, Gwalior, (M.P.), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 201-203 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0509032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Mobile agents are software which moves autonomously through a computer network with aim to perform some computation or gather information on behalf of its creator or an application. In the last several years, mobile agents have proved its numerous applications including e-commerce. In most applications, the security of mobile agents is a burning issue. This article presents comparison of different aspects of mobile code security, namely the protection of hosts receiving a malicious mobile code and the protection of a mobile code within a malicious host.
Keywords: Security, Mobile Agents, Mobile Code, Malicious host, Electronic Commerce.
Scope of the Article: Mobile Computing and Applications

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A0545032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:58:36 +0000

Enhanced Min-Max Procedure based on Block Truncation Coding for Image Compression
S.Vimala
Dr. S. Vimala, Department of Computer Science, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 198-200 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0545032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a method based on Block Truncation coding (BTC) for image compression. The existing Min-Max procedure based on BTC is enhanced to further improve the quality of the reconstructed images. Images are decoded using three quantization levels by extending the size of the bitplane. The three quantization levels being Minimum, Maximum and the average of both are preserved for each block. Experiments were carried over standard images like Lena, Cameraman, Boats, Bridge and Baboon. For all images, the proposed method outperforms the existing method in terms of PSNR values.
Keywords: BTC, Image Compression, Min Max, Quantization Levels, Bitplane, PSNR.
Scope of the Article: Image analysis and Processing

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A0541032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:55:09 +0000

Employment of Artificial Neural Network in Manipulating Design Constraints of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
Vilas Mapare¹, Suraj Shinde², Maheshkumar Latpate³, Tejas Khairnar⁴, Pallavi Kadam⁵
¹Prof. Vilas Mapare, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala (Maharashtra), India.
²Suraj Shinde, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala (Maharashtra), India.
³Mahesh Latpate, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala (Maharashtra), India.
⁴Tejas Khairnar, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala (Maharashtra), India.
⁵Pallavi Kadam, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 195-197 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0541032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The parameter optimization by means of the neural networks is the major attraction, which highlights the ease, precision and reduction in computational time for the designers of interest. The paper deals with the design of a probe fed rectangular Microstrip patch antenna for 2.4 GHz frequency. The analytical results for various conceivable dimensions and different dielectric values were intended without any structural complexities. To achieve an optimum value for the design parameters of the Microstrip antenna, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) and Back Propagation algorithm were implemented to train the network. The analytical results were tested by simulating with basic design software HFSS. The bid of artificial neural network ensures an optimal design methodology which is revealed when relating the results with analytical methods, results of the simulation software.
Keywords: ANN, HFSS, Microstrip, N tool.
Scope of the Article: Micro Strip Antenna

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A0536032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:50:15 +0000

Study of the Contemporary Motion Estimation Techniques for Video Coding
S. Ashwin¹, S. Jayanthi Sree², S. Aravind Kumar³
¹S. Ashwin, Post Graduate Student, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
²Jayanthi Sree, Assistant Professor, Dr. NGP Institute of Technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
³S. Aravind Kumar, Graphics Hardware Engineer, Intel Technologies India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore (Karnataka) India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 190-194 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0536032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Video compression is vital for efficient archival of entertainment based video (CD/DVD) as well as real-time reconnaissance / video conferencing applications. While ISO MPEG sets the standard for the former types of application, ITU sets the standards for latter low bit rate applications. In the entire motion based video compression process motion estimation is the most computationally expensive and time-consuming process. Motion estimation involves interframe predictive coding, one of the most powerful image coding techniques which calculates motion vectors and can eliminate redundancy in natural scenes. The research in the past few decades has focused on reducing both of these side effects of motion estimation. This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the different types of contemporary block matching algorithms used for motion estimation in video compression. The algorithms that are illustrated in this paper can be adopted by the video compressing community to be implemented in various standards. In addition, the advantages, limitations and applications of these techniques are revealed and guidelines for future research are discussed.
Keywords: Video Compression, Motion Estimation, Motion Vectors, Predictive Coding.
Scope of the Article: Network Coding

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A0539032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:46:10 +0000

Extracting Peculiar Data from Multidatabases Using Agent Mining
S.Shahar Banu¹, V.Saravanan², R. Shriram³
¹S.Shahar Banu, Assistant Prof, B.S. Abdul Rahman University, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
²V.Saravanan, Professor & Director, Department of Computer Applications, Sri Venkateswara College of Computer Applications and Management, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
³Dr. R. Shriram, Professor, Department of CSE, B.S. Abdul Rahman University, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 187-189 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0539032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Data mining is a broad term that describes the search to extract some meaningful information from data that is unformatted and either unstructured or partially structured Similarly, Fayyad et. al. described it as “The nontrivial process identifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable patterns in data” . Data mining is also known as knowledge discovery, knowledge extraction, information harvesting, data archeology, and data pattern processing. Although most algorithms provide some unique implementation of each phase, there are several common steps to achieve the goal of identifying patterns in data. Generally, data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information – information that can be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both. This paper discusses the peculiar data mining and agent mining. It allows users to analyze data from many different dimensions or angles, categorize it, and summarize the relationships identified.
Keywords: Data Mining Peculiar Mining, Agent Based System, Multi Agent .
Scope of the Article: Data Mining

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A0524032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:39:12 +0000

Design of Electronic Voting Systems for Reducing Election Process
Mahdi Alhaji Musa¹, Farouk Muhammad Aliyu²
¹Mahdi Alhaji Musa, Department of Computer Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.
²Engr. Farouk Mohammed Ali, Department of Computer Science, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 183-186 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0524032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The electoral process in Nigeria is known with tedious activities and time consuming. There is a serious problem in terms of delivering the electoral facilities to the voting station and securing such facilities. even before this activities there must be training of personal that will be involve in such exercise with involve huge amount of money and time consuming. it is in line with this problem the researcher intend to develop an online electronic voting systems to checkmate those problems. Each voter will be screen for eligibility, thereafter the information will be store in database so that at any time the voter can login and cast his/her vote and monitor the result online. Whenever a voter cast a vote the systems will automatically saves all his records including the ballot, username, address and password for future references. an administrator will then be able to monitor all the process and check for any illegal actions. This systems if put into use will increase transparency an accountability as the observer can monitor all the activities during the registration/poling exercise.
Keywords: Electoral Process, Transparency, Serious Problem.
Scope of the Article: Low-power design

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A0518032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:34:29 +0000

Investigation and Analysis of Current Web Mining Techniques as well as Frameworks
Marjan Eshaghi¹, S.Z. Gawali²
¹Marjan Eshaghi, Department of Information Technology, College of Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune (M.H), India.
²S.Z. Gawali, Department of Information Technology, College of Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune (M.H), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 178-182 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0518032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Everyone using the Web, experiences how the connection to a popular web site may be very slow during rush hours and it is well known that web users tend to leave a site if the wait time for a page to be served exceeds a given value. Therefore, performance and service quality attributes have gained enormous relevance in service design and deployment. This has led to the development of Web benchmarking tools largely available in the market. One of the most common critics to this approach, is that synthetic workload produced by web stressing tools is far to be realistic. Moreover, Web sites need to be analyzed for discovering commercial rules and user profiles, and models must be extracted from log files and monitored data. This paper deals with a benchmarking methodology based on the integrated usage of web mining techniques and standard web monitoring and assessment tools.
Keywords: Web Mining, Pattern Extraction, Usage Mining, preprocessing.
Scope of the Article: Web Mining

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A0508032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:31:05 +0000

Improvement of Power Quality by UPQC Using Different Intelligent Controls: A Literature Review
Vinita Vasundhara¹, Rintu Khanna², Manoj Kumar³
¹Vinita Vasundhara, PG Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.
²Rintu Khanna, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.
³Manoj Kumar, PG Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 173-177 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0508032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: his paper presents a comprehensive review on the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to improve electric power quality. This is intended to present a broad overview on the different possible intelligent controls used with UPQC.
Keywords: Active Power Filters, ANN, Fuzzy logic Controller, Power Quality, Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC).
Scope of the Article: Fuzzy logic

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A0501032113

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 12 Nov 2022 06:27:20 +0000

GLCD-Touchpad Based Restaurant Ordering & Automatic Serving System
Mir Roomi Rahil¹, Rajesh Mahind², Saurabh Chavan³, Tanumay Dhar⁴
¹Mir Roomi Rahil, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Engineering of Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering, Pune (M.H), India.
²Rajesh Mahind, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Engineering of Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering, Pune (M.H), India.
³Saurabh Chavan, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Engineering of Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering, Pune (M.H), India.
⁴Tanumay Dhar, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Engineering of Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering, Pune (M.H), India.
Manuscript received on 21 March 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 28 March 2013 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2013 | PP: 168-172 | Volume-2 Issue-1, March 2013 | Retrieval Number: A0501032113/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: GLCD-Touchpad Based Restaurant Ordering & Automatic serving System is a concept with a new innovative idea in the field of Hospitality Industry. The concept of this project has conceived in mind on observing take away fast food outlets , Mc Donald counters, Sub Way counters, Punch screens at various fast food restaurants etc. In restaurant most items are listed in menu by names only. They don’t have brief or detailed description of any dish, so fearing how would they taste, what would be the ingredients, we end up ordering regular items. Considering these problems we came up with an idea of having digital ordering system. The concept is we can browse the menus/sub-menus by jus fingertip. The items would be well defined & descripted and the selected order will be served over the conveyer belt to the particular table.
Keywords: GLCD.
Scope of the Article: Manufacturing Processes

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