Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 – International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

E74320111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 04 Feb 2023 13:26:36 +0000

Experimental Study on the Influence of Alccofine-1203 and Phosphogypsum on the Strength Characteristics of Expansive Soil
V. Jaladevi¹, V. Murugaiyan²
¹V. Jaladevi, Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry, India. Email:
²V. Murugaiyan, Professor & HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry, India.
Manuscript received on 30 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 January 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 93-98 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E74320111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7432.0111523

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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Expansive soil is generally found in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. One of the main issues with these expansive soils is their tendency to swell when their natural water content increases. The various swell-shrink tendencies of expansive soils cause numerous issues with the substructure and distress in infrastructures such as buildings, pavements, and breast walls, among others. Geotechnical engineers have worked diligently to understand the behaviour of expanding soils and implement effective management strategies. The current study aims to elucidate the efficacy of alcofine-1203 and Phosphogypsum (PG) powder in achieving the geotechnical properties of soil and improving its high swell, high shrinkage, and low bearing capacity, which have benefits for civil engineering. The combination of the two materials can be more beneficial when used as a stabilising agent than when used individually. An experimental programme has calculated the effects of alcofine-1203 (3, 6, 9, and 12%) and Phosphogypsum (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%) on the Atterberg limits, optimum moisture content (OMC), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), and other essential soil characteristics. Both admixtures were added independently and blended into the expansive soil. It was found that the liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, and swelling behaviour of the expansive soil have been significantly reduced with the addition of specified admixtures. UCS gradually increases from 46.4 kPa to 948 kPa after 56 days due to the combined effect of 12% alccofine and 1.0% Phosphogypsum reacting with soil, which plays a critical role when compared to the remaining admixture combination. Hence, the results concluded that the addition of 12% alccofine and 1.0% PG exhibited an essential improvement for expansive soils, proving that adding the admixture is a potential stabiliser and also demonstrating that the problematic soil was transformed into the best soil. It also reduced the construction cost by making the best use of locally available materials.

Keywords: Alccofine-1203, Expansive soil, Phosphogypsum, Shrinking, Swelling, Unconfined Compressive Strength.
Scope of the Article: Soil-Structure Interaction

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E73990111523

IJRTE Journal — Thu, 12 Jan 2023 11:57:53 +0000

ITC Contribution in Surveys
Mbaiossoum Bery Leouro
Mbaiossoum Bery Leouro, Department of Computer Science, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad.

Manuscript received on 09 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 09 January 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 86-92 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E73990111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7399.0111523
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Abstract: This paper aims to underline the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) contributions in survey implementations. We used ICT tools in the Chad Malaria Indicators Survey (CMIS). We found that ICT are revolutionising surveys. Their implementation considerably improves survey operations by eliminating some over-budget steps, enriching data quality, and facilitating data manipulation. This highlights the contribution of ICT in smart surveys. Smart surveys, which utilise ICT tools, were examined with a focus on the contributions of ICT in these surveys. A use case was giving through our implementation of smart survey.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies; Computerized Data Collection System; Survey; CAPI, PDA, Phone.
Scope of the Article: Informatics and Communication

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E74330111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 07 Jan 2023 12:58:43 +0000

Design of Intelligent Technique for Abnormality Detection in MRI Brain Images
Farha Anjum Mansoori¹, Agya Mishra²
¹Farha Anjum Mansoori, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (M.P), India.
²Dr. Agya Mishra, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (M.P), India.
Manuscript received on 30 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 07 January 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 77-85 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E74330111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7433.0111523
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents an intelligent technique, particularly for MRI brain images. This introduces a clever method designed explicitly for MRI brain images. To detect abnormalities in the brain images, an intelligent hybrid method combining convolutional neural networks and curvelet transform is employed. Feature extraction, the logistic regression method (LRM), and learning algorithms are all used in the proposed model. Additionally, the categorization system identifies cancerous or non-cancerous tumours in the images of the brain. Results from experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of model- and parameter-based analysis. The paper concludes by contrasting the topic of minimum batch accuracy and validation accuracy with the current method. This concept is suited to ongoing MRI image analysis activities. In this paper, a previous paper has also been reviewed, and its process is investigated.

Keywords: CNN, MRI Brain Image, Curvelet Transform, Brain Cancer, Transfer Learning, Logistic Regression Model.
Scope of the Article: CNN

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E74340111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 07 Jan 2023 12:49:29 +0000

Primary and Secondary Control of Grid Connected Micro Grids using ANFIS Controller
Neethi M¹, M. S. Shashikala²
¹Neethi M, Department of EEE, Sri Jayachmarajrndra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, India.
²Dr. M. S. Shashikala, Department of EEE, Sri Jayachmarajrndra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, India.
Manuscript received on 30 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 06 January 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 66-76 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E74340111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7434.0111523
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The microgrid has been defined to cope with the extensive penetration of distributed generation (DGs). The microgrid is capable of operating in grid-connected mode (GC) and islanded mode (IS). In a microgrid, distributed generation (DGs) are always connected to the power network via power inverters. In the Grid-Connected mode, DGs typically act as current-controlled sources to maintain high grid current quality and a fast dynamic response in photovoltaic and wind generation systems. However, current controlled DGs cannot operate independently without the voltage and frequency support from the utility grid. Islanding occurs when a portion of a micro-grid becomes electrically isolated, yet continues to be energized by DGs connected to the isolated subsystem. In islanding mode, the inverter-interfaced DGs work as voltage-controlled sources. As the utility grid does not determine system voltage and frequency, DGs should ensure voltage and frequency stability. Moreover, the power sharing should be guaranteed according to their ratings to avoid circulating currents among DGs. The operation and control of existing utility networks are becoming more and more complex due to the increased interconnection of DG systems with diverse characteristics. This paper aims to address the problems above and propose a suitable control strategy using an ANFIS controller that can be implemented to ensure the successful operation of a microgrid.

Keywords: Microgrid, Distributed generation, islanded mode, ANFIS Controller
Scope of the Article: Distributed Sensor Networks

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E74210111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 10:23:47 +0000

Prediction of Software Defects using Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques
Sowjanya Jindam¹, Sai Teja Challa², Sai Jahnavi Chada³, Navya Sree B⁴, Srinidhi Malgireddy⁵
¹Sowjanya Jindam, Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao (MVSR) Engineering College, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
²Sai Teja Challa, Student, Department of Information Technology, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao (MVSR) Engineering College, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
³Sai Jahnavi Chada, Student, Department of Information Technology, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao (MVSR) Engineering College, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
⁴Navya Sree B, Student, Department of Information Technology, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao (MVSR) Engineering College, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
⁵Srinidhi Malgireddy, Student, Department of Information Technology, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao (MVSR) Engineering College, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 23 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 30 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 58-65 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E74210111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7421.0111523
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Abstract: During software development and maintenance, predicting software bugs becomes critical. Defect prediction early in the software development life cycle is a crucial aspect of the quality assurance process that has garnered significant attention over the past two decades. Early detection of defective modules in software development can support the development team in efficiently and effectively utilising available resources to deliver high-quality software products in a short timeframe. The machine learning approach, which detects hidden patterns among software features, is an effective method for identifying problematic modules. The software flaws in NASA datasets MC1, MW1, KC3, and PC4 are predicted using multiple machine learning classification algorithms in this work. A new model was developed by adjusting the parameters of the previous XGBoost model, including N_estimators, learning rate, maximum depth, and subsample. The results were compared to those obtained by state-of-the-art models, and our model outperformed them across all datasets.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Dataset, Supervised Learning, Random Forest, XgBoost, Ada Boost, Decision Tree.
Scope of the Article: Machine Learning

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E73570111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 10:12:32 +0000

Arriving at the Results by Comparing with Traditional Approach to My Approach in Deriving Function Points for ETL Operations
A. Rakesh Phanindra¹, V. B. Narasimha²
¹A. Rakesh Phanindra, Information Technology, Institute of Public Enterprise, Survey No. 1266, Shamirpet (V&M), Medchal, Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
²Dr. V. B. Narasimha, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 14 November 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 53-57 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E73570111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7357.0111523
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: It can be hard to guess how much data will need to be put into the data warehouse when the whole history of the transaction system is moved there. This is especially true when the transfer process could take weeks or even months. The ETL system’s components must be broken down into their three independent stages; nevertheless, when estimating a large starting load. Data extraction from source systems, creating the dimensional model from data, loading the data warehouse and timing estimates for the extraction process. Surprisingly, data extraction from the source system often accounts for the majority of the ETL procedure. Online transaction processing (OLTP) systems are not designed to return massive data sets from the data warehouse’s historical load, which extracts a tremendous quantity of data in a single query. However, the daily incremental loads and the breath-of-life historic database loads are very different. In any case, fact-table filling requires data to be pulled in a different way than what transaction systems can do. ETL extraction procedures often require time-consuming techniques such as views, cursors, stored procedures, and correlated subqueries. It is essential to anticipate how long an extract will take to begin before it does. Calculating the extract time estimate is challenging. Due to the hardware mismatch between the test and production servers, estimates based on the execution of the ETL operations in the test environment may be significantly distorted. Sometimes, working on specific projects where an extract task would run continuously until it eventually failed, at which point it would be restarted and run once more until it failed. Without producing anything, days or even weeks passed. One must divide the extraction process into two simpler steps to overcome the challenges of working with large amounts of data. Response time for queries. the interval between when the query is conducted and when the data starts to be returned. It is pertinent that the effort required for ETL Operations for Data Marts and DWH projects, in terms of function points, is essential. In the previous paper, I discussed general System Characteristics to determine the Value Adjustment Factor. In this paper, I present the results. I compared my findings with the conventional FPA on industrial projects to evaluate the Function Point Analysis’s suitability for Data Mart projects. I outline the strategy, implementation, and outcomes analysis of this validation in this section.

Keywords: Function Point Analysis, ETL, Data Marts.
Scope of the Article: Expert Approaches

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E73900111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 24 Dec 2022 09:02:05 +0000

Regenerative Charging Technique for Electrical Vehicles
R Vinod Kumar¹, Sarkar Murali Gnanesh², Gudla Akash³, Guda Tejananda Reddy⁴
¹Dr. R. Vinod Kumar, Senior Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
²Mr. Sarkar Murali Gnanesh, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
³Mr. Gudla Akash, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
⁴Mr. Guda Tejananda Reddy, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 03 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 17 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 46-52 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E73900111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7390.0111523
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Abstract: Various sources of power generation techniques are in use these days. Automated vehicles have a tremendous future. Road transportation is the majorly mode of transportation. The use of cars has increased drastically, and the demand for petrol and diesel has also risen. Nowadays, electric vehicles are being implemented in our country. Even the government is starting to encourage electric vehicle developers. At a public parking facility, only electric vehicles (EVs) parked in dedicated spaces with charging points are eligible for charging services. Installing a charging point at each parking slot is very expensive. As an alternative, this project proposes a novel concept for a public transportation facility, featuring only electric vehicles (EVs) that can drive on dedicated wireless charging paths, allowing them to enjoy charging services. This concept involves installing a Wireless Charging Path (WCP) as an Electric Vehicle Service Road (EVSR). Like service roads will be easy for charging the EVs wirelessly while travelling. The charging mechanism of vehicles is achieved through a wireless system, which eliminates the need for cables, reduces waiting time for charging, and features a solar energy-based power generation system. It is also based on an AI system’s artificial intelligence.

Keywords: Automated Vehicles, Regenerative Charging, Electrical Vehicles, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning
Scope of the Article: Machine Learning

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E73880111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 24 Dec 2022 08:50:48 +0000

Overview of Big Data Analytics Technologies in Smart Grid
Aditya Arya¹, Sridhar S²
¹Aditya Arya, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
²Dr. Sridhar S, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 02 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 13 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 36-45 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E73880111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7388.0111523
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Smart grids have become an essential component of modern society due to their interconnected nature. In the smart grid, unprecedented amounts of data will be created continuously due to the advanced sensor infrastructure. Therefore, analyzing smart grid data is becoming increasingly critical to delivering electricity and managing consumption in the business and physical sectors. Modernizing the grid requires data science, despite the challenges of integrating data analytics into the enterprise. A review of big data management & analysis in the smart grid is presented in this paper. Data analytics and its role in big data management are discussed in this paper, along with the challenges of implementing those analytics, and how they can help achieve clean, reliable, and efficient grids. The paper supports Apache Flink due to its native streaming capabilities, which are ideal for use cases that require minimal latency. In contrast, Apache Spark is better suited for batch data processing.

Keywords: Smart Grid, Big Data, Intelligent Grid, Grid Analytics.
Scope of the Article: Big Data Analytics

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E73840111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 10 Dec 2022 07:15:53 +0000

Translational Calibration for Contact Type Three-Dimensional Position-Measuring Instruments
Hirofumi Maeda
Hirofumi Maeda, Department of Information Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Yuge College, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

Manuscript received on 01 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 07 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 9-16 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E73840111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7384.0111523
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Abstract: In Japan, as the number of sewerage management facilities increases, continuous maintenance of drainage pipes and sewage pipes is considered necessary. However, it is grinding for operators to perform the expensive in-pipe inspection. Therefore, in recent years, inspections using stand-alone type piping inspection robots have become increasingly active. Inside the pipe, there are disturbances such as unevenness, sludge, or dents at pipe joints, which cause slips and tumbles of the robot. Therefore, conventional methods for addressing these disturbances involve adjusting the robot’s size and tires to match the diameter of the pipe, thereby preventing tipping over. We are exploring tip-over prevention measures by the software approach through advanced straight-ahead control. Currently, we are in the stage of verifying the self-position estimation necessary to realize straight-ahead control, and equipment for that purpose is required. However, to measure the position and posture of the robot within the curved pipe, a specialised three-dimensional position-measuring device is needed. Therefore, we have developed a three-dimensional position-measuring instrument for pipe inspection robots, but there is still an error in the absolute positioning accuracy. In this paper, to solve this error problem and make it precise, we propose a method to apply the calibration method used in the manipulator to the measuring instrument. Also, the kinematic model and its calibration parameters are explained, and a method of deleting unnecessary redundant parameters and parameter estimation by Newton’s method is presented. Furthermore, in a comparative verification using the measuring instrument proposed in the paper, the positional accuracy after calibration is within a range of approximately ±1.0 mm, and the variation is also within a range of ±0.5 mm, indicating that the proposed method is effective.

Keywords: Measuring Instrument, Calibration, Contact Type, Exploration Robot, Water Pipe
Scope of the Article: Robotics

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E73820111523

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 10 Dec 2022 07:08:16 +0000

Motor Vehicle Driver Monitoring System to Prevent Traffic Accident
M. Taufiq Tamam¹, Arif Johar Taufiq², Anis Kusumawati³
¹M. Taufiq Tamam, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
²Arif Johar Taufiq, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
³Dr. Anis Kusumawati, Medical Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Manuscript received on 30 November 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 05 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 5-8 | Volume-11 Issue-5, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E73820111523 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E7382.0111523
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Abstract: Traffic accident data shows an upward trend. One of the contributing factors is the driver’s condition, which may be impaired due to fatigue or sleepiness resulting from decreased oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2). If the oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2) decreases, the oxygen supply to the brain also decreases, which can cause the driver to feel tired or sleepy, as well as experience shortness of breath. By using a pulse oximeter sensor mounted on the wrist, oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2) can be detected. The results of the sensor readings are then sent via Bluetooth technology to the microcontroller and displayed on the monitor. If the driver is tired or sleepy, a warning will be displayed, advising them to take a rest immediately. Based on the results of trials that have been carried out, the average error in measuring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is 0.52%.

Keywords: Traffic Accident, Driver, Blood Oxygen Saturation (Spo2), Pulse Oximeter, Blue Tooth.
Scope of the Article: Monitoring System

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