Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022 – International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

F68730310622

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 26 Mar 2022 10:27:37 +0000

Simulation and Experimentation Analysis of Dielectric Covers on Square Patch Antenna in Wireless Communications
Saidulu Vadtya
Saidulu Vadtya*, Department of ECE, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.

Manuscript received on 28 February 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on 26 March 2022. | Manuscript published on 30 March 2022. | PP: 134-136 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68730310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6873.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper the different dielectric covers affects on square patch antenna is investigated and compared their performance. The square patch antenna is designed at 2.4GHz with arlon diclad 880 substrate. The dielectric constant of substrate is 2.2 and thickness of substrate is 1.6mm. The different dielectric covers or superstrates are used whose dielectric constants are 2.2, 3.2, 4.8 and 10.2. The patch antenna is simulated using Ansoft electromagnetic simulator such as HFSS. The effect of dielectric cover at height (H) =0 on patch antenna, the result is the performance of antenna is slightly decreased and as increase the height of the dielectric cover above the patch performance antenna is slightly increases as increases height of the dielectric cover above the patch, but at optimum height, performance of the cover results which is same the antenna without dielectric cover. The uses of dielectric covers are used to providing protections from physical damage, rain and snow and also protecting the antenna from physical heat and other environmental hazards. This antenna designed specifications and frequency 2.4GHz is used in wireless applications.
Keywords: Antenna Resonant Frequency, Dielectric Cover, Radiation Patterns, Gain, Bandwidth Etc.
Scope of the Article: Wireless Communication

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F68430310622

IJRTE Journal — Wed, 16 Mar 2022 07:10:27 +0000

Determination of Way Points Position on Sequencing Leg for Point Merge System
Alper OREN
Dr. Alper OREN*, PhD Alumni, Department of Air Traffic Control, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey.

Manuscript received on February 18, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on March 14, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 129-133 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68430310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6843.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper aims to propose a novel approach to determination of way points position on sequencing leg for point merge system. This research uses the Base of Aircraft Data to analyze the flight efficiency. Although it is not a general rule, it can be said that there is a tendency in practice to design the waypoints in the sequencing leg at equal distances from each other. In general, essentially equidistant waypoints are designed to facilitate the adaptation of airspace users (both pilots and air traffic controllers). However, it does not seem possible to say that this tendency always gives the most appropriate and optimal results in terms of flight efficiency. A scenario that includes four different cases was ideated and was resolved to discover the potential benefits and/or drawbacks of equidistant and non-equidistant interspace of waypoints. The comparison results of equidistant and non-equidistant interspace show that the average reduction of 9,5 percent of total flight time; 12,5 percent of total flight distance in favor one of a non-equidistant interspace, which is Case-4. Moreover, the Case-4 could be a promising solution for sequencing aircraft conveniently in terms of a first come first service (FCFS) rule.
Keywords: Aircraft Scheduling/Sequencing, Air Traffic Management, Flight Efficiency, Point Merge System.
Scope of the Article: Point Merge System

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F68700310622

IJRTE Journal — Wed, 09 Mar 2022 11:18:21 +0000

Utilizing Multiple Inputs and Outputs for Optimal Spectrum Efficiency in the Uplink and Downlink
Bharathi C¹, Manjunatha Reddy. H.S²
¹Bharathi C*, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India.
²Manjunatha Reddy H.S, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India.
Manuscript received on February 28, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on March 08, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 119-128 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68700310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6870.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Attaining maximum spectral efficiency using massive MIMO in a cell network system is a promising method to expand the efficiency in the system. By means of arranging arrays of antennas at the base stations in terms of large number of dynamic components and carry out the processing of coherent transceiver techniques are improving the system performance. General guideline is that these frameworks ought to have a significant degree of magnitudes of massive N number of antennas are required in contrast to the active premeditated L number of users. In support of this reason that the users channels are probably orthogonal to each other with N/L greater than 10. The proposed work, investigate the L* number of planned users, relies upon N and some of the parameters mentioned in this framework. The spectral efficiency articulations are determined to empower the framework level assessment with power management , reuse of random generation pilot, and user arbitrary positions. The estimation of L* number of active user in the massive N system be determined inside the close structure. But experimental simulations are utilized limited number of N to demonstrate at various interference situations, with various pilot reuse issues, and for various handling process. The transmission is capable of half of block is devoted for pilots signalling and the best possible N/L is below 10 within several situations of convenient relevance for functional significance and L* relies emphatically upon the processing scheme.
Keywords: Base Station, Downlink, Massive MIMO, Spectral Efficiency, Uplink, User Equipment
Scope of the Article: MIMO Antenna

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F68550310622

IJRTE Journal — Wed, 09 Mar 2022 10:11:18 +0000

Sentiment Analysis Applications during COVID-19 Pandemics: An Exploratory Review
Waseem Alromema
Waseem Alromema*, Department of Computers Science and Information System. Taibah University, Al Madinah Almunawara, Saudi Arabia.

Manuscript received on February 28, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on March 04, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 114-118 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68550310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6855.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Coronavirus pandemic has created complex challenges and adverse conditions. Sentiment analysis is a process of studying the user application. Because of using the internet in daily activities, many domains and organizations concentrate on analysis or getting user feedback to take the right decision. This paper is review the existing applications that used a sentiments analysis to identify major sentiment trends associated with the push to reopen the analyzing sentiment in social media like Twitter, etc. Data time aligned to the COVID-19 reopening debate. In addition, discover the most popular techniques and approaches. This study focus the research articles in high impact journals that published during the epidemics from 2019 to 2021. The research question that this study answer it are. This study can be beneficial to many domains such as sentiment analysis, text mining, research in related areas, and postgraduate students. This research could present valuable time sensitive opportunities for governments, and the nation into a successful new normal future. Several applications have employed in several domains, including tourism, education, business and health. Health information can be disseminated by social media and misinformation can be addressed via this platform.
Keywords: Sentiment; Data mining; Machine learning; Covid-19; Corona; Pandemic; NLP
Scope of the Article: Data mining

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F68610310622

IJRTE Journal — Wed, 09 Mar 2022 10:04:49 +0000

Air Handling Unit Monitoring and Control System Based on Internet of Things
Mustafa Saied¹, A. M. Bassiuny², A. S. Ali³
¹Mustafa Saied*, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
²A. M. Bassiuny, Dean Faculty of Engineering, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt.
³A. S. Ali, Head of Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Manuscript received on February 27, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on March 06, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 107-113 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68610310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6861.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) contributed to developing new concepts of monitoring and control systems for Air Handling Units (AHU). This paper proposes a modification of the traditional temperature monitoring and controlling system in AHU to a system based on the principles of the IoT. This is to take advantage of the features and characteristics of the Internet of things in accessing the system, following it up, and modifying it, Also evaluate the extent of reliance on software instead of hardware if the physical controller is replaced with a cloud controller in terms of data transfer rate and security of communication between the controller and field devices. The proposed system is applied to a real AHU. In the proposed system, the existing traditional temperature sensor and actuator are modified to be connected to the internet. With this modification, data can be received and sent with the IoT platform. So, the physical controller is replaced by a cloud controller on the IoT platform to receive the sensor readings and send the control signals to the actuator. Moreover, it configures a temperature alarm mails system to be sent to the authorized people in case of the temperature value is out of limits. The proposed system gives remote access to display the temperature readings and the controller’s output. Thus, the performance of the system can be monitored with the ability to modify the controller to suit the system’s needs.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Air-Handling Unit, Cloud, Remote Monitoring and Control
Scope of the Article: Internet of Things

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F68710310622

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 12:23:44 +0000

Reliable Algorithms for Machine Learning Models: Implementation Research in Data Science
Kajal Singh¹, Anukriti Mukherjee²
¹Kajal Singh*, Business Intelligence Analyst, Schneider Electric, Bangalore, India.
²Anukriti Mukherjee, Programmer Analyst, Cognizant Technology Solutions, Kolkata, India.
Manuscript received on February 16, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on February 21, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 102-106 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68710310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6871.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Machine Learning generates programs that make predictions and informed decisions about complex problems in an efficient and reliable way. These ML programs autonomously test solutions against the dataset to find the best fit for the problem. The paper aims to review the ML algorithms that develop prediction models by utilizing training dataset and known output. The paper also focuses on ML principles, algorithms, approaches, and applications for Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement learning that can perform tasks without being explicitly programmed for it. Completely opposite to rule-based programming, the machine learning paradigm uses examples of real data sets and pre-process it before providing the desired outputs based on these examples. In the case of more involved and complex tasks, it can be challenging for humans to explicitly program the models. On the other hand, it can be more effective to help the machines develop the algorithms for advanced tasks. This paper will also present the trending real-world applications of Machine Learning in Image Recognition and Biomedicine. Additionally, it will provide a background analysis of machine learning and related fields of data science.
Keywords: Machine Learning (ML), Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning, KNN, K- Means Clustering.
Scope of the Article: Machine Learning (ML)

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F68670310622

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 12:16:39 +0000

Effect on Compressive Strength of Interlocking Tiles Upon Replacing Cement and Aggregate by Bagasse Ash, Lime and Demolished Concrete
Dharmendra Kumar Yadav¹, Devi Charan Dubey²
¹Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, M.Tech, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow (U.P), India.
²Devi Charan Dubey, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow (U.P), India.
Manuscript received on February 28, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on March 04, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 96-101 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68670310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6867.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This research paper describe the effect on compressive strength of interlocking titles, in which cementcis a bindingcmaterial, a substance used incconstruction that sets andchardens and can bind othercmaterials together. It iscwidely used in constructioncwith great advantages but cementcwith its wide range ofcproperties has severalcdisadvantages as well. Manufacturing ofccement causes illceffect on environmentcat all stages ofcprocess. These include emissionscof airborne pollutioncin many forms suchcas dust, gas, noisecand vibration. Usuallycmanufacturing of cementccauses emission of greenhousecgas carbon dioxide to 5% inccement structures toc8% in case of roadscin cement. Cement manufacturing releasescCO2 in atmosphere bothcdirectly and indirectly. Directlycwhen Calcium Carbonatecis heated, producing limecand carbon dioxidecand also indirectly through emissioncof energy. The cementcindustry produces up toc5% of global manmade CO2cemission. The productioncof Portland cementcis not only costlycand energy intensive, butcit also produces largecamounts of carbon emissions. Thecproduction of one ton ofcPortland cement producescapproximately one toncof CO2 in the atmosphere. The productivecuse of waste material representsca means of alleviating somecof the problems of solidcash, lime and demolished concrete.
Keywords: Cement, Greenhouse Gas, Calcium Carbonate, CO2 Emission, Binding Material.
Scope of the Article: Concrete Engineering

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F68510310622

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 12:10:33 +0000

Development of Web Caching Replacement in Internet Service Based on GDSF
Nguyen Xuan Truong¹, Ho Khanh Lam²
¹Nguyen Xuan Truong*, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam.
²Ho Khanh Lam, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam.
Manuscript received on February 22, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on February 28, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 83-87 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68510310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6851.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents a policy to replace the cached web content named GDSF-EXT based on GDSF by adding an extensible cache located in the network device. In processing, these web contents will be retrieved instead of having to search in other devices on the same network layer or at a higher network layer. That helps to reduce the response time of the user’s request. The proposed algorithm is compared to GDSF original to evaluate the performance of the network.
Keywords: Web Cache, Internet Web Caching, Cache Replacement Algorithms, GDSF.
Scope of the Article: Internet and Web Applications

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F68310310622

IJRTE Journal — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 12:05:18 +0000

Micro-Grid Simulation and Integration with GRID using 13 Level Inverter
Hardev Meena¹, Leena G²
¹Hardev Meena*, PhD Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
²Leena G, Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Manuscript received on February 02, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on March 04, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 88-95 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.F68310310622 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.F6831.0310622
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The need for renewable energy systems (RES) continues to grow, and research into wind and solar systems has accelerated in recent years. At the moment, the world’s energy requirements are heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which are on the verge of extinction. Renewable energy demand will skyrocket in the next years. Our study demonstrates a robust energy generating system that utilises photovoltaic MPPT and a 13-level inverter system in MATLAB simulink to maximise the output of the solar panel. To optimise the advantages of such network interface distribution systems, a control approach is developed. The inverter is programmed to perform several purposes, including active power filtering. Thus, the inverter may be employed as a power converter to power the network’s renewable energy sources. The MATLAB / Simulink simulation is used to execute and verify all of the analyses by subjecting the system to dynamic load conditions.
Keywords: Photovoltaic System, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Grid Subsystem, PID Controller, MATLAB
Scope of the Article: System Integration

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E67780110522

IJRTE Journal — Fri, 25 Feb 2022 10:24:39 +0000

Implementation of Authenticated Group Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
A.V.V.S. Murthy¹, P. Vasudeva Reddy²
¹A.V.V.S. Murthy*, Department of Mathematics, Dr S.R.K. Govt. Arts College Yanam (U.T of Puducherry), India
²P. Vasudeva Reddy, Department of Engineering Mathematics, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. (A.P), India.
Manuscript received on January 20, 2022. | Revised Manuscript received on February 20, 2022. | Manuscript published on March 30, 2022. | PP: 77-82 | Volume-10 Issue-6, March 2022. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijrte.E67780110522 | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E6778.0310622
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Abstract: The group key management technique is an important technique for cryptographic applications. In this paper, we implemented our proposed method [1] on a group key management protocol for group communication. The proposed protocol is authenticated group key distribution protocol is a mechanism for distributing a group key. We also discussed security analysis and attacks in active and passive adversary model. Also, it ensures semantic security as well as Key freshness of the group key. Along with this, they provide implicit and mutual authentication of the group key. Furthermore, the protocols provide key independence, provide Perfect Forward Secrecy and are resistant to Known Key Attack Implementation of proposed protocol in NS2 simulator.
Keywords: Key Management, Group Key Management, Digital Short Signatures, Authentication, Wireless sensor networks.
Scope of the Article: Network Operations & Management

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